since any kind of training aims at educating professionals, this research tries to merge theoretical and practical bases of translation training and remove any obstacles in different educational programs existing in the fields of translation studies. translation training is not confined to language teaching, although mastering both source and target languages will make the translators more succ...

The talk includes: ¯ a brief survey of the literature on descriptive complexity results; this journey takes us from regular to context-sensitive languages, ¯ a brief survey of the complexity of (realistic) linguistic formalisms; this journey takes us from context-sensitive grammars to fragments of richer grammars, ¯ a discussion of generative and model-theoretic means to arrive at more adequate...

the principle theoretical basis of this article is the concept of 'city text' and the textuality standards. the article explores city as a text and takes the textuality standards into consideration for analyzing the city. text is one of the main elements that play a significant role in communication. people communicating by language do not do so simply by means of individual words or ...