in some of the new economic growth models, we pay attention to the effects of financial development on economic growth. this research investigates the relationship between capital market and economic growth in macro level during 1991-2011. the research is organized as follows: the introduction comes as the first section. in section ii, we review the literature on the relationship between econom...

Among the conditions in which creatine kinase (CK)-MB activity is elevated in the absence of myocardial injury or infarction, macroenzyme (macro) CK merits special attention from clinicians. We present 2 cases, 1 with macro CK type 1 and the other with macro CK type 2, to stress the common clinical situations and diagnostic dilemma that clinicians encounter when evaluating patients with macro C...

XML is originally designed for the use in document processing. Every classical document processing system supports a mechanism which is called macro. In general, a macro is a named collection of actions. These actions are executed whenever the name of the macro appears in a document instance. We describe a very small but powerful macro language for XML. The presented language supports macros wi...

We define the class of micro-macro stack graphs, a new class of graphs modeling infinite-state sequential systems with a decidable model-checking problem. Micro-macro stack graphs are the configuration graphs of stack automata whose states are partitioned into micro and macro states. Nodes of the graph are configurations of the stack automaton where the state is a macro state. Edges of the grap...

This paper presents Wizard, a generalised framework for learning macro-actions in planning. Wizard suggests macroactions that can be provided as additional actions for future planning. It enhances a domain for a planner through comprehensive macro suggestions. Wizard learns macro-actions for arbitrary planners or domains without exploiting their structural properties. It not only captures macro...

EVAL is a widely used yet frequently misunderstood SAS macro language function due to its seemingly simple form. However, when its actual argument is a complex macro expression interlaced with special characters, mixed arithmetic and logical operators, or macro quotation functions, its usage and result become elusive and problematic. In this paper, we aim to explore and demystify the intricate ...

Ideally, any change that modifies the similar parts of a cloned code snippet should be propagated to all its duplicates. In practice however, consistent propagation of changes in clones does not always happen. Current evidence indicates that clone families have a 50% chance of having consistent changes. This paper measures cloning and co-changes at file level as a proxy to assess the frequency ...

All plants must obtain a number of inorganic mineral elements from their environment to ensure successful growth and development of both vegetative and reproductive tissues. These minerals serve numerous functions: as structural components in macromolecules, as cofactors in enzymatic reactions, as osmotic solutes needed tomaintain proper water potential, or as ionized species to provide charge ...

We use agent-based modeling to investigate the effect of conservatism and partisanship on the efficiency with which large populations solve the density classification task - a paradigmatic problem for information aggregation and consensus building. We find that conservative agents enhance the populations' ability to efficiently solve the density classification task despite large levels of noise...