Probiotics and synbiotics are known to have beneficial effects on human health disease. Hirsutism, a disorder that is characterised by the presence of coarse terminal hairs in male-like pattern, usually caused elevated androgen levels blood plasma. This observed PCOS women it linked insulin resistance (IR). Although idiopathic hirsutism (IH) not shown excess production from ovarian adrenal glan...

Exogenous androgenic steroids applied to pregnant sheep programmes a PCOS-like phenotype in female offspring. Via ultrasound guidance we applied steroids directly to ovine fetuses at d62 and d82 of gestation, and examined fetal (day 90 gestation) and postnatal (11 months old) pancreatic structure and function. Of three classes of steroid agonists applied (androgen - Testosterone propionate (TP)...

Goldilocks famously rejected items that did not fit her criteria of “just right.” In the endocrinology of reproductive development, appropriate feedback along the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad axis, and indeed the other axes (thyroid, adrenal, etc), is essential in humans and other species in which the fetal hypothalamo-pituitarygonad axis is active during gestation (1). This complicates our unde...

OBJECTIVE To assess the vascular effects of high-dose androgen treatment in genetic females. BACKGROUND Male gender is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, suggesting either a protective effect of estrogens and/or a deleterious effect of androgens. We have recently demonstrated that androgen deprivation is associated with enhanced vascular reactivity in adult men, however, ...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women. It characterized by numerous hormonal and metabolic disturbances, among which hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, as well disruption carbohydrate lipid metabolism play an important role. The study aimed to present PCOS, taking into account skin lesions often disorder. collected information concerns mechan...

BACKGROUND The concept that androgens regulate multiple aspects of adipose tissue metabolism in women is based on studies of women with pathological androgen excess and in vitro studies generally using supraphysiological androgen concentrations. We investigated whether in women with normal-range serum testosterone, relationships exist between serum androgens and expression of proinflammatory (t...

BACKGROUND Alcohol binge drinking behavior is an important public health issue. Causal rodent and human associational studies show that reinforcement of prenatal androgen signaling increases alcohol consumption in adulthood. However, the effects of prenatal androgen exposure on adult binge drinking patterns have not been investigated yet. METHOD We analyzed data from 2225 participants of an o...

Disorders of sex development (DSDs) are congenital anomalies that affect sexual differentiation of genitourinary organs and secondary sex characters. A common cause of female genital virilization is congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), in which excess androgen production during development of 46XX females can result in vaginal atresia, masculinization of the urethra, a single urogenital sinus,...

The traditional assumption that the prostate is an organ exquisitely sensitive to androgen action still holds true, but with lower-than-normal circulating levels of testosterone, all androgen receptors are saturated and a further increase in circulating levels of testosterone has no effect on the prostate (saturation model). Prostate disease (prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, BP...