Prostate cancer growth depends on androgen receptor signaling. Androgen ablation therapy induces expression of constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants that drive disease progression. Taxanes are a standard of care therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); however, mechanisms underlying the clinical activity of taxanes are poorly understood. Recent work suggests tha...

Mammalian liver contains receptors for both estrogens and androgens. Hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy in male rats is associated with a loss of certain male-specific hepatic characteristics. In this study we investigated the effects of lesser forms of hepatic injury on the levels of estrogen and androgen receptor activity in the liver. Adult male rats were subjected to portacaval ...

Beyond regulation of male sexual function, the increasing evidence shows that androgens and androgen receptor (AR) have a variety physiological pathological effects on skin. Skin cells express all metabolizing enzymes are required for independent skin synthesis development hyperandrogenic related disorders such as acne, hirsutism androgenetic alopecia. Targeting various elements function metabo...

In mammals, females generally live longer than males. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underpinning sex-dependent longevity are currently unclear. Epigenetic clocks powerful biological biomarkers capable of precisely estimating chronological age and identifying novel factors influencing aging rate using only DNA methylation data. this study, we developed first epigenetic clock for domesticated shee...

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action Prostate cancer is known to be androgen sensitive and responds to androgen ablation. In animal studies, nilutamide has demonstrated antiandrogenic activity without other hormonal (estrogen, progesterone, mineralocorticoid, and glucocorticoid) effects. In vitro, nilutamide blocks the effects of testosterone at the androgen receptor level. In vivo, niluta...

To improve the therapy for prostate cancer, it will be necessary to address the problems of progression to androgen independence and the process of metastatic spread of tumour. The complexity of the latter condition is likely to mitigate against the immediate development of relevant therapeutic approaches. However, the basis of androgen independence appears to be a problem of simpler dimensions...

This paper is designed to give an overview of the mechanism of androgen action and some of the factors that can affect it. The discussion of androgen action includes androgen transport in the blood, metabolism, receptor binding, nuclear activation and selected aspects of biological response. The importance of recognizing interspecies and interstrain differences in specific aspects of androgen a...

PURPOSE To discuss the role of membrane androgen receptors and to investigate the potential role of testosterone-albumin conjugate in the prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified studies published from 1990 onwards by searching the MEDLINE database of the National Library of Medicine. Initial search terms were "androgen receptors, cytoplasmic androgen receptor, and...

We studied a family with two cousins who were diagnosed with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, an X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the androgen receptor gene. A pedigree analysis and a molecular study using PCR and DNA sequencing clarified each female family member's androgen receptor status and revealed a mutation consisting of the deletion of exon 2 and surrounding introns of ...

Androgens and androgen receptors play essential roles in the development and progression of prostate cancer, a disease that claims roughly 28,000 lives annually. In addition to androgen biding, androgen receptor activity can be regulated via several post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination, acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation & SUMO-ylation. Off these modifications, phospho...