PURPOSE To determine the in-air azimuthal anisotropy and in-water dose distribution for the 1 cm length of a new elongated (103)Pd brachytherapy source through both experimental measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Measured and MC-calculated dose distributions were used to determine the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 43 (TG-43) dosimetry parameters for t...

OBJECTIVE Long-standing type 1 diabetes is associated with deficits on neurocognitive testing that suggest central white matter dysfunction. This study investigated whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a type of magnetic resonance imaging that measures white matter integrity quantitatively, could identify white matter microstructural deficits in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes an...

The anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) is a white matter structure, the medial portion of which includes the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) carrying nerve fibers between thalamus and prefrontal cortex. ATR abnormalities have a possible link with cognitive abnormalities and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. We aimed to study the fiber integrity of the ATR more selectively by isola...

We adopted a novel method to tune the terrace width of Si(111) substrate by varying the direction of heating current. It was observed that the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) of Fe films grown on the Si(111) substrate enhanced with decreasing the terrace width and superimposed on the weak six-fold magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Furthermore, on the basis of the scanning tunneling microscopy (...

The magnetic anisotropy of Fe film grown on vicinal Ag(1,1,10) surfaces was studied with the in situ magneto-optic Kerr effect. Below 200 K, strong oscillations of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy as a function of Fe thickness with a period of 5.7 monolayers are found, which can even cause the easy magnetization axis to oscillate between perpendicular and parallel to the steps. Such novel oscil...

A combined experimental and numerical study of the effect of temperature on anisotropy in warm forming of AA 6016-T4 aluminum was performed. The anisotropy coefficients of the Vegter yield function were calculated from crystal plasticity models with an adequate combination of extra slip systems. Curve fitting was used to fit the anisotropy coefficients calculated at discrete temperatures. This ...

BACKGROUND One of the main factors affecting propagation of electrical waves and contraction in ventricles of the heart is anisotropy of cardiac tissue. Anisotropy is determined by orientation of myocardial fibres. Determining fibre orientation field and shape of the heart is important for anatomically accurate modelling of electrical and mechanical function of the heart. The aim of this paper ...

Estimation of the fast polarization direction of shear seismic waves that deviate from horizontal axis is a valuable approach to investigate the characteristics of the lower crust and uppermost mantle structures. The lattice preferred orientation of crystals, which is generally parallel to the downward or upward flow of the mantle or crust, is an important reason for the occurrence of fast axis...

We study three-terminal charge transport through individual Fe4 single-molecule magnets. Magnetic anisotropy of the single molecule is directly observed by introducing a spectroscopic technique based on measuring the position of the degeneracy point as a function of gate voltage and applied magnetic field. A nonlinear field-dependence is observed which changes by rotating the sample and is, thu...

A constitutive theory for orthotropic materials is briefly summarized. The constitutive theory allows for anisotropy of the elastic response and anisotropy resulting from both the yield function and the kinematic hardening. The formulation also includes a constitutive theory, thermodynamically consistent, for the plastic spin and the re-orientation of the anisotropy properties towards a more fa...