Graphene quality indicators obtained by Raman spectroscopy have been correlated to the structural changes of graphene/germanium interface as a function in-vacuum thermal annealing. Specifically, it was found that graphene becomes markedly defective at 650 °C. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron and near edge absorption fine structure spectroscopy, we concluded these ...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of vacuum and flow rate on endothelial cell loss after high versus low vacuum phacoemulsification. methods: this randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 eyes of 60 patients with moderate lens opacity (nuclear sclerosis 3+). all surgeries were performed by one experienced surgeon using stop and chop technique with sovereign white star machine (amo). patients...

ZnO nanosheets are a relatively new form of nanostructure and have demonstrated potential as gas-sensing devices and dye sensitised solar cells. For integration into other devices, and when used as gas sensors, the nanosheets are often heated. Here we study the effect of vacuum annealing on the electrical transport properties of ZnO nanosheets in order to understand the role of heating in devic...

in the present work the recrystallization behavior of deep drawing grade al-killed low carbon steel sheets produced by mobarakeh steel plant (msp) has been studied. salt bath isothermal annealing has been applied to cold rolled samples and the resulted microstrucrures have been compared with the microstructure obtained from the box annealing process in msp. it is found that at 635 and 700ºc the...

Two-dimensional PbSe nanocrystal arrays on silicon nitride membranes were investigated using electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Changes in lattice and transport properties upon annealing in a vacuum were revealed. Local charge transport behavior was directly imaged by EFM and correlated to nanopatterns observed with TEM. Charge transport through nan...

We report the annealing effects on the magnetic properties of Cu-17vol.% Nb micro-composites. Samples prepared by bundling and drawing process with different deformation degree and subsequent vacuum heat treatment. The Cu-Nb interface structural change due to mostly the recrystallization and coarsening of the Nb filaments. The magnetic properties caused by the proximity effect and the Cu-Nb int...