nature reserve in the Saudi Arabian desert. It has been a dry winter, with virtually no rain since the previous spring.The hoopoe larks are quiet this year. Occasionally a male whistles his song and dances vertically up and down in the air – about 5 metres up, then, after a somersault , back to the ground or the bush that he started from. In some years, every territory contains a dancing male. ...

Increased atmospheric [CO2] could theoretically lead to increased forest productivity (‘CO2 fertilization’). This mechanism was hypothesized as a possible explanation for biomass increases reported from tropical forests in the last 301 years. We used unique long-term records of annually measured stands (eighteen 0.5 ha plots, 10 years) and focal tree species (six species, 24 years) to assess th...

Trend analysis and estimation of monthly and annual precipitation, reference evapotranspiration ETo, and rainfall deficit are essential for water-resources management and cropping-system design. Rainfall, ETo, and water-deficit patterns and trends at Macon in eastern Mississippi for a 120-yr period (1894–2014) were analyzed for annual, seasonal, and monthly periods. The analysis showed historic...

Rainfall is the most important water resource in central and western Sudan, a region affected by the recent drought in Africa. A general methodology for studying the annual rainfall process is presented and applied to data from central and western Sudan. It is assumed that certain time series models adequately describe the annual rainfall process in the region. Based on this assumption, the dro...

Satellite-based precipitation products can be a better alternative of rain gauges for hydro-meteorological studies in data-poor regions. This study aimed to evaluate how regional and seasonal drought patterns had changed the Ganga–Brahmaputra Basin between 1983 2020 with PERSIANN-CDR data. The spatial pattern winter drought, monsoon Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) calculated different ti...

— This paper introduces a new rain removal model based on the shrinkage of the sparse codes for a single image. Recently, dictionary learning and sparse coding have been widely used for image restoration problems. These methods can also be applied to the rain removal by learning two types of rain and non-rain dictionaries and forcing the sparse codes of the rain dictionary to be zero vectors. H...

This article presents long-term analyzed rainfall and temperature data obtained from the National Metrological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia. Using tables and graphic trends of analysis, the article shows the low and declining level of average annual rainfall as well as the high inter-annual fluctuations for 18 weather stations located in different agro-climatic zones of the country. The high variat...

In this study, non-homogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) are assumed to analyze annual average temperatures and rain precipitations, considering climate data for some regions of North America reported a long period. A power law process (PLP) is the intensity function (derivative mean value function) or rate \(\lambda\) (t), t \(\ge\) 0 NHPP which events occur (accumulated number years in given t...

decreasing changes of climatic elements such as: daily precipitation, weekly precipitation, seasonal precipitation and annual precipitation can be toward to drought phenomena. the recognition it and planning for passing it, could be decreasing of disasters, because create of drought is slow but it effects is very damages. the aim of this paper is descriptive analyze and it type of research is a...