Lepidium latifolium is an invasive exotic crucifer that is widely distributed in riparian zones and wetlands. In this study, anoxic carbohydrate metabolism and post-anoxic injury in the roots of L. latifolium seedlings were examined. A significant increase in the activity of the fermentative enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in roots occurred under anoxia and i...

Anoxia induces hyper-excitability and cell death in mammalian brain but in the anoxia-tolerant western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) neuronal electrical activity is suppressed (i.e. spike arrest), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption is reduced, and cell death does not occur. Electrical suppression is primarily the result of enhanced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission; howeve...

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the response of the antioxidant system of goldfish Carassius auratus during anoxia and reoxygenation. The exposure of goldfish to 8 h of anoxia induced a 14% decrease in total glutathione levels in the kidney, although the liver, brain, and muscle were unaffected. Anoxia also resulted in increases in the activities of liver catalase, brain glucose-6-phos...

In order to determine if functional changes in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and GABAA receptors play a role in the remarkable anoxia tolerance of freshwater turtle brain, we used autoradiographic techniques to assay [3H]MK-801 and [3H]flunitrazepam binding in turtle forebrain after turtles had been subjected to anoxia for 2 or 6 h. The effects of glutamate, glycine, competitive N-methyl-D-asp...

on the subject can be numbered in the thousands. Among the latter, the present volume by Van Liere constitutes a most competent and useful handbook. The author begins with a careful and serviceable definition of terms used to describe the condition of oxygen want in the body, a classification of the types of anoxia, and he gives a series of charts by which the degree of anoxia may be expressed....

The effect of prolonged anoxia (96 h under a N atmosphere) during either winter (November) 2 or summer (July) was investigated by measuring the maximal activities of 20 metabolic enzymes in gill, mantle, hepatopancreas, and phasic and catch adductor muscles of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The enzymes analyzed are involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, the pentose phosphate sh...

Anoxia can occur in crop fields when flooding forms a physical barrier that reduces oxygen availability. Rice, but not wheat, can germinate and elongate its coleoptile under anoxia, providing an excellent model for understanding mechanisms of anoxia tolerance. We have shown differential molecular responses of rice and wheat coleoptiles to anoxia and discovered novel metabolic adaptations in ami...

The ameliorating effect of nitrate on the acidification of the cytoplasm during short-term anoxia was investigated in maize (Zea mays) root segments. Seedlings were grown in the presence or absence of nitrate, and changes in the cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH in response to the imposition of anoxia were measured by in vivo (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Soluble ions and metabolites...

Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus can survive for months in the complete absence of oxygen. Survival of anoxia is associated with entry into a state of metabolic dormancy known as diapause. However, extreme tolerance of anoxia is retained for several days of post-diapause development. Rates of heat dissipation in diapause II and 4 days post-diapause II embryos were measure...

The responses of turtle and rat cortical pyramidal neurons to various pharmacological treatments were measured using intracellular recordings. Turtle neurons survived both anoxia and pharmacological anoxia for 180 min with no noticeable effect. Rat pyramidal neurons responded with a loss in membrane resistance, followed by a transient hyperpolarization, and a subsequent depolarization to a zero...