Lesions Bilateral symmetric claustrum lesions shown on MR imaging are rarely reported, especially transient and reversible lesions associated with seizures, such as herpes simplex encephalitis, unidentified encephalopathy, and acute encephalitis with refractory repetitive partial seizures. To our knowledge, there are no reports of symmetric bilateral claustrum lesions with mumps encephalitis. A...

The morphological features of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing neurons in the rat claustrum (Cl) were studied during the period of four months after birth. Forty-five animals divided into nine groups, according to survival period (P0, P4, P7, P10, P14, P21, P28, P60, P120) were used in the study. The immunocytochemical staining to neuronal NOS was performed and the material was studied bo...

Positron emission tomography in three-dimensional acquisition mode was used to identify the neural populations involved in tactile-visual cross-modal transfer of shape. Eight young male volunteers went through three runs of three different matching conditions: tactile-tactile (TT), tactile-visual (TV), and visual-visual (VV), and a motor control condition. Fifteen spherical ellipsoids were used...

We have examined the responses of 141 layer VI cells in the feline visual cortex. Within this group we compared the responses of a subpopulation of cells checked for connectivity by electrical stimulation in the dLGN and the visual claustrum. The antidromically identified corticogeniculate projecting cells had relatively short receptive fields, as judged from length response curves, measured qu...

We studied the topographical distribution and morphological characteristics of NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons and fibers in the human claustrum. These neurons were seen to be heterogeneously distributed throughout the claustrum. Taking into account the size and shape of stained perikarya as well as dendritic and axonal characteristics, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (...

Background: Cholinergic dysfunction plays an important role in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM) provides the main source of cortical cholinergic innervation. Previous studies have characterized structural changes of the cholinergic basal forebrain in individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether and how functional connectivity of...

INTRODUCTION In previous papers (Smythies et al., 2012, 2014) we presented the general hypothesis that the claustrum may be concerned with information processing operations on synchronized gamma oscillations in the brain at three levels. At the first level (subhypothesis 1) it just magnifies the oscillations in cortico-claustral circuits. At the second level (subhypothesis 2) it may integrate t...

The relationship between pyramidal cell morphology and efferent target was investigated in layer 6 of cat primary visual cortex (area 17). Layer 6 has 2 projections, one to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and another to the visual claustrum. The cells of origin of each projection were identified by retrograde transport of fluorescent latex microspheres. The labeled cells were visualized in...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thalamostriate vein (TSV) is an important tributary of the internal cerebral vein, which mainly drains the basal ganglia and deep medulla. The purpose of this study was to explore the anatomic variation and quality of TSV and its smaller tributaries using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). METHODS We acquired SWI images in 40 volunteers on a 3.0T MR system using an ...