important to avoid just adding another set of prescriptions to professionals’ workloads and another layer of guilt for not living up to best practice at all times. The need for health professionals to understand why an individual child was not brought to their appointment is recognised as important but we require the necessary systems to achieve this and to be able to ask the question ‘Why was ...

BACKGROUND Neurological paraneoplastic syndromes are rarely the first manifestation of an underlying cancer. A high index of suspicion is thus needed to diagnose such conditions. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is one such entity which is well described in association with small cell lung cancers, testicular germ cell tumors, breast cancers and ovarian tumors. This article describes the enti...

Encephalitis associated with antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (i.e., anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is an immune-mediated disorder mainly affecting girls and young women ovarian teratoma. The clinical picture of disease progresses from headaches seizures, psychopathological symptoms anxiety, psychosis, or hyperreligiosity), neuropsychological deficits memory, attention, language d...

BACKGROUND Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rapidly evolving condition that combines psychiatric and neurologic manifestations. Much remains unclear about its clinical onset and subsequent course. Although successful treatment depends on diagnosing the disorder early and therefore minimizing long-term complications, this is a difficult task owing to the atypical...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether neurophysiological mechanisms indicating cortical excitability, long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity, GABAergic and glutamatergic function are altered in patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and whether they can be helpful as markers of diagnostic assessment, disease progression, and potentially therapy response. METHODS ...

To clarify the role of ovarian teratomas in the pathogenesis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, we examined histopathologically ovarian teratomas with and without encephalitis as well as normal ovaries. We found strong expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) epitopes in the cytoplasm of oocytes obtained from human and bovine ovaries. A substantial ...