The purpose of this study was to assess the topic use Sebastiania hispida extract and low-level gallium-arsenide laser irradiation (GaAs, 904 nm) reduce local myonecrosis edema Bothrops moojeni snake venom-injected gastrocnemius. Wistar rats receiving intramuscular venom injection (VBm) were compared with saline control (S) envenomed exposure plant (VExt) or (VL). phytochemistry thin-layer chro...

BACKGROUND Serine proteases are major components of viper venom and target various stages of the blood coagulation system in victims and prey. A better understanding of the diversity of serine proteases and other enzymes present in snake venom will help to understand how the complexity of snake venom has evolved and will aid the development of novel therapeutics for treating snake bites. METH...

Snake bite remains a common injury in endemic areas of Pakistan. A facility based observational study was undertaken to ascertain the incidence of snake bite, its mortality and the management in public health facilities located in the Thar Desert of Province of Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 771 cases of snake bite were reported to seven randomly selected health facilities during a one-year period...

The review is mainly devoted to snake venom a-neurotoxins which target different muscle-type and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The primary and spatial structures of other snake venom proteins as well as mammalian proteins of the Ly-6 family, which structurally resemble the `three-finger' snake proteins, are also briefly discussed. The main emphasis is placed on recent data charact...

Among snake venom procoagulant proteins, group II prothrombin activators are functionally similar to blood coagulation factor Xa. We have purified and partially characterized the enzymatic properties of trocarin, the group II prothrombin activator from the venom of the Australian elapid, Tropidechis carinatus (rough-scaled snake). Prothrombin activation by trocarin is enhanced by Ca2+, phosphol...

Variation in venom composition is a ubiquitous phenomenon in snakes and occurs both interspecifically and intraspecifically. Venom variation can have severe outcomes for snakebite victims by rendering the specific antibodies found in antivenoms ineffective against heterologous toxins found in different venoms. The rapid evolutionary expansion of different toxin-encoding gene families in differe...

objective: envenomation by heamotoxic snakes constituted a critical health occurrence in the world. bleeding is the most sever consequence following snake bite with viperid and crothalid snakes. it is believed that the degradation of vascular membrane caused hemorrhage; in contrast, some suggested that direct cytotoxicity has role in endothelial cell disturbances. this study was to evaluate the...

The production of anti-snake venom from large mammal's blood has been found to be low-yielding and arduous, consequently, antivenom immunoglobulins for treatment are achieved regularly as polyvalent serum. We have standardized an undemanding technique for making purified immunoglobulin IgY antivenom consisting of polyclonal antibodies against coral snake venom in the egg yolk of immunized hens....

OBJECTIVE To investigate the doses of antivenom administered to adult patients with severe brown snake envenoming. DESIGN AND SETTING Review of charts from Western Australian adult teaching hospitals, December 1991 to December 2001. PATIENTS 35 patients with severe brown snake envenoming, defined prospectively as afibrinogenaemia (< 0.3 g/L) after a bite by a brown snake (genus Pseudonaja)....

A new procedure for determining the amount of venom ejected by a bite of a poisonous snake was established. The procedure consists of exposing a fresh piece of rabbit muscle to an attack by a poisonous nake, extracting the injected venom from the piece, determining the toxic activity of the extract and calculating the amount of venom ejected. We confirmed that about 90 % of the injected venom w...