Anticipation occurs in all spheres of life. Nature evolves in a continuous anticipatory fashion targeted at survival. Conscious reaction takes too long to process. Motivation mechanisms in learning, arts, and all types of research are dominated by the principle that an expected future state controls present action. The study of anticipatory behaviour refers to behaviour that is dependent on pre...

How important is it to anticipate what will happen in the future? Is it better to anticipate far into the future or to focus on the next few seconds? We have investigated this question within a multi-agent framework where four simulated robots try to collect gold from two buildings without being seen by two patrolling guard agents. The success of the task depends fundamentally on an ability to ...

OBJECTIVE While patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are known to exhibit hyperalgesia, the central mechanisms contributing to this altered pain processing are not fully understood. This study was undertaken to investigate potential dysregulation of the neural circuitry underlying cognitive and hedonic aspects of the subjective experience of pain, such as anticipation of pain and anticipation of pai...

The anticipation of favourable or unfavourable events is a key component in our daily life. However, the temporal dynamics of anticipation processes in relation to brain activation are still not fully understood. A modified version of the monetary incentive delay task was administered during separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) sessions in the sam...

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively sugge...

Recently, anticipation and anticipatory learning systems have gained increasing attention in the field. The interest of researchers in anticipation did not started over night. Anticipation observed in the animals combined with the multi-agent systems and artificial life gave birth to the anticipatory behaviour. This is broad multidisciplinary topic, but there are little thoughts on relation of ...

Understanding the neural substrates of anticipation is required for a comprehensive model of the ways in which anxiety influences information processing. While it is apparent that the insula and medial frontal cortex are involved in processing anticipation of physical (i.e., painful) stimuli, their role in processing anticipation of aversive affective stimuli has yet to be determined. Twenty-ei...

Anticipation for future confers great benefits to human well-being and mental health. However, previous work focus on how people's well-being correlate with brain activities during perception of emotional stimuli, rather than anticipation for the future events. Here, the current study investigated how well-being relates to neural circuitry underlying the anticipating process of future desired e...

The present experiments demonstrate that picture-word stimuli are differentially encoded in anticipation of a recognition test than in anticipation of a free-recall test. Subjects perform better on the retention test of which they have been informed, and different information from the stimuli is used to pass each test. These findings cannot be attributed to stimulus selection nor to pure pictor...

Adolescence is characterized by an increase in risk-taking and reward-seeking behaviors. In other populations, increased risk taking has been associated with tighter coupling between cortisol production and ventral striatum (VS) activation during reward anticipation; this relation has not yet been examined, however, as a function of adolescent development. This study examined the influence of p...