Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) can efficiently bind and transfer HIV infectivity without themselves becoming infected. Using live-cell microscopy, we found that HIV was recruited to sites of cell contact in MDDCs. Analysis of conjugates between MDDCs and T cells revealed that, in the absence of antigen-specific signaling, the HIV receptors CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 on the T cell were recru...

Protection against many intracellular pathogens is provided by CD8 T cells, which are thought to need CD4 T cell help to develop into effective memory CD8 T cells. Because murine CD8 T cells do not transcribe MHC class II (MHC-II) genes, several models have proposed antigen presenting cells (APCs) as intermediaries required for CD4 T cells to deliver their help to CD8 T cells. Here, we demonstr...

Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise a heterogeneous group of antigen-presenting cells with many specialized functions, including essential constitutive roles in priming immune and autoimmune responses and in the maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance. At the interface of the innate and adaptive immune systems, they contribute considerably to the production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory med...

CTL that possess a high functional avidity are known to be optimal for the clearance of pathogens in vivo. We have shown that the amount of peptide encountered by a CD8+ CTL determines its functional avidity. Notably, in these studies nonprofessional APC were used. However, it is mature dendritic cells (DC) that are predominantly responsible for the activation of naive T cells in vivo. Whether ...

The murine dendritic cell network comprises multiple subsets with distinct functions, but few of their human counterparts have been described. New data now reveals the likely human equivalent of the mouse DC subset specialized in cross-presentation.

Vitamin D plays an important role in supporting the immune system. Its expression on vital cells like B, T, and antigen-presenting has become topic of research response to current COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose vitamin is not only bones muscle development, but also its involvement regulation mood

Previous reports have demonstrated that accessory cells function to present soluble protein antigens in association with gene products encoded within the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to antigen-reactive T helper cells. The biochemical events that occur during antigen presentation are, however, not well-documented primarily because of the difficulties involved in purify...