While the routine use of antibiotics for infectious diarrhea in children must be avoided, because it brings little benefit in most cases and is associated with the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance, selected cases may require antimicrobial therapy, and the choice of the antimicrobial agent often has to be made empirically. Physicians prescribing antimicrobials in such a setting have n...

Shigellosis, a disease caused by Shigella spp., is endemic in Malaysia. Its low infective dose and ease of spread through person-to-person transmission by the faecal-oral route make this infection difficult to control in outbreak situations. Antimicrobial therapy is recommended for shigellosis because it can shorten the severity and duration of illness, reduce shedding of the organism, and prev...

Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic infection of the periodontium affecting the soft and mineralized tissues surrounding the teeth. Numerous therapeutic strategies have been aimed at eradication of the pathogens responsible for periodontal disease, including antimicrobial therapy both systemic and local. Objectives: 1. To compare local and systemic delivery of antimicrobial agents 2. T...

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is one of the most common diseases of cattle and is of major economic importance. If the primary aetiological agent, Moraxella bovis, is successfully eliminated from ocular tissues corneal ulcers heal at a constant rate. If treatment is unsuccessful ulcer reoccurrence may follow initial healing. Appropriate antimicrobial selection requires knowledge ...

Patients with central nervous system (CNS) infections are increasingly treated with intravenous antimicrobials outside the hospital, but the safety and problems associated with this therapy have not been well defined. To examine this issue, we reviewed 68 cases in which outpatient intravenous antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) was received through our physician office-based infusion clinic. All infec...

Minimization or elimination of antibiotic resistance in microbial species is an urgent need of the present times. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a new therapeutic option through which development of resistance in microorganisms can be avoided. Interest in the use of photodynamic therapy to combat microbial infection is not only linked to the fact that this technique prevents antibiotic r...

OBJECTIVE We found previously that inappropriate inpatient antimicrobial use was often attributable to erroneous diagnoses. Here, we detail diagnostic errors and their relationship to inappropriate antimicrobial courses. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Veterans Affairs hospital. PATIENTS A cohort of 500 randomly selected inpatients with an antimicrobial course. METHODS Blinde...

OBJECTIVE Many hospitals utilize antimicrobial management teams (AMTs) to improve patient care. However, most function with minimal computer support. We evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a computerized clinical decision support system for the management of antimicrobial utilization. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial in adult inpatients between May 10 and August 3, 2004....

background: urinary tract infections (utis) are one of the most common infectious diseases diagnosed all over the world. meanwhile most episode of utis are caused by escherichia coli (up to 85%) and frequently fluoroquinolones are preferred as initial agents for empiric therapy of utis. widespread use of fluoroquinolones has resulted in an increasing incidence of resistance these agents all ove...

The ability to deliver high concentrations of antimicrobial agents directly to the site of pneumonia is attractive, especially with the availability of high-efficiency nebulizers. A major focus of inhaled antimicrobial therapy has been to prevent and treat ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). VAP occurs commonly in mechanically ventilated patients and is associated with significant morbidity ...