In regards to “suburb,” many Americans have strong cultural ideas of what constitutes a “suburb.” The typical image includes post-World War II tract housing built for car-owning families, cul de sacs, and shopping malls. Yet, suburbs are actually extremely heterogeneous in their demographic composition, economy, and land use patterns; most bear little resemblance to these stereotypical images. ...

When measuring poverty in developed countries, the line used to identify poor is usually relative and set as a percentage of median (or mean) total income. In consequence, when analyzed over period time, changes level depend on impact evolving standards. To eliminate this effect, sometimes, an anchored used. Furthermore, mean distribution inequality among may also affect levels. This note propo...

In his very instructive article, Angus Deaton argues that for international institutions (for example, the World Bank) and the national governments of most poor countries (for example, India), reduction of poverty is or is professed to be the paramount objective of policy. As such, they require some overall yardstick of progress (or lack thereof). According to Deaton, there is a long history of...

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