Objective and Importance. To illustrate the development of spontaneous subdural hematoma secondary to aplastic anemia resulting from the administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This is the first report of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole potentiating coagulopathy leading to any form of intracranial hematoma. Clinical Presentation. A 62-year-old female developed a bone marrow biopsy confir...

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare bone marrow failure disorder with high mortality rate, which is characterized by pancytopenia and an associated increase in the risk of hemorrhage, infection, organ dysfunction and death. The oxidation phenomenon and/or the formation of free radicals have been suggested to be causally related to various hematological disorders, including aplastic anemia. TNF-α, IL...

Pancytopenia is a condition with decreased numbers of all cell lines. Aplastic anemia is a common cause although malarial infection causing lysis of RBCs may also partly mimic this condition. The infection may also damage the patient's bone marrow resulting in pancytopenia as well. We present the case of a post-partum female patient who reported with fever, body aches and shortness of breath on...

A petrochemical worker with aplastic anemia was referred to our hospital. He worked in a petroleum resin-producing factory and had been exposed to low-level benzene while packaging the powder resin and pouring lime into a deactivation tank. According to the yearly environmental survey of the working area, the airborne benzene level was approximately 0.28 ppm. Exposure to benzene, a common chemi...

We performed a phase I/Il study of the administration of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF) to patients with aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Doses ranging from 15 to 480 .tg/m2 were administered as a one-hour or fourhour intravenous infusion daily for 7 days or as a 1 2-hour infusion for 1 4 days. Temporary improvements were seen in granulocy...

Regulatory T cells are believed to control the development and progression of autoimmunity by suppressing autoreactive T cells. Decreased numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+) FOXP3(+) T cells (Tregs) are associated with impaired immune homeostasis and development of autoimmune diseases. The transcription factors FOXP3 and NFAT1 have key roles in regulatory T-cell development and function. We show that Treg...

The size of single-stranded DNA in lymphocytes in GO stage from 22 patients with acquired primary and secondary aplastic anemia was estimated by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. The average size was 9.3 (+/-0.3) times 10(7) daltons. The lymphocytes of patients contained significantly more single-strand breaks in DNA, compared to those of normal persons. The difference in size of single...

Aplastic anemia is a condition in which the hematopoietic stem cells fail to function adequately leading to peripheral pancytopenia. When the cytopenia is severe, patients require intensive support with blood products and broad spectrum antibiotics, and without definitive treatment, most will eventually die of infections or bleeding. Over the past 4 decades, however, these once uniformly fatal ...

Thrombopoietin (THPO) has been well characterized as a key regulator of platelet production. THPO also plays an important role in the maintenance and regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Pecci et al (2018) describe a newly identified homozygous mutation in THPO causing congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, a disease characterized by a s...

A preparative regimen, consisting of total lymphoid irradiation and cyclophosphamide, was utilized in 40 patients with severe aplastic anemia undergoing allogeneic marrow transplantation. This regimen was successful in decreasing rejection in these previously transfused patients, as only one patient rejected the marrow graft. Twenty-nine of the 40 transplanted patients are surviving from 1.5 to...