ADIPONECTIN (APN), a 30-kDa multimeric protein exclusively produced by fat cells, reverses insulin resistance (IR) and is independently associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in apparently healthy individuals (10). However, in IR states such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, its expression and circulating levels are decreased. Low APN and high proinflammatory C-reactive protein and IL-...

Meningiomas are the second most common brain tumors in adults, and meningiomas exhibit a tendency to invade adjacent structures. Compared with high-grade gliomas, little is known about the molecular changes that potentially underlie the invasive behavior of meningiomas. In this study, we examined the expression and function of the membrane alanyl-aminopeptidase [mAAP, aminopeptidase N (APN), CD...

OBJECTIVE Adiponectin (APN) system malfunction is causatively related to increased cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in diabetic patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate molecular mechanisms responsible for APN transmembrane signaling and cardioprotection. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with wild-type mice, caveolin-3 knockout (Cav-3KO) mice exhibited modestly increased myocar...

INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most serious common bacterial infections among young children. It may affect kidneys that classified as acute pyelonephritis (APN) and may lead to renal parenchymal involvement and scarring with high prevalence rate (15%-60%) among children. This study aimed to assess the urinary concentration of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NG...

Almost Perfect Nonlinear (APN) functions are very useful in cryptography, when they are used as S-Boxes, because of their good resistance to differential cryptanalysis. An APN function f : F2n → F2n is called exceptional APN if it is APN on infinitely many extensions of F2n . Aubry, McGuire and Rodier conjectured that the only exceptional APN functions are the Gold and the Kasami-Welch monomial...

BACKGROUND The complement system is part of the immune system in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Adiponectin has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Adiponectin and C1q form a protein complex in blood, and serum C1q binding adiponectin (C1q-APN) can be measured. We investigated the comparative evaluation of serum C1q-APN levels in males with ACS, stable angina pectoris (SAP) versu...

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in the degradation of the extracellular matrix during development and tissue repair, as well as in pathological conditions such as tumor invasion and fibrosis. MMP expression by stromal cells is partly regulated by signals from the neighboring epithelial cells. Keratinocyte-releasable 14-3-3sigma, or stratifin, acts as a potent MMP-1-stimulatory f...

Acquired pendular nystagmus (APN) occurs with multiple sclerosis (MS) and oculopalatal tremor (OPT); distinct features of the nystagmus have led to the development of separate models for their pathogenesis. APN in MS has been attributed to instability in the neural integrator, which normally ensures steady gaze. APN in OPT may result from electrotonic coupling between neurons in the hypertrophi...

It is well known that almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions achieve the lowest possible differential uniformity for functions defined on fields with even characteristic, and hence, from this point of view, they are the most ideal choices for S-boxes in block and stream ciphers. They are also interesting as the link to many other areas, for instance topics in coding theory and combinatorics. ...

I present some results towards a classification of power functions that are Almost Perfect Nonlinear (APN), or equivalently differentially 2-uniform, over F2n for infinitely many n. APN functions are useful in constructing S-boxes in AES-like cryptosystems. An application of Weil’s theorem on absolutely irreducible curves shows that a monomial x is not APN over F2n for all sufficiently large n ...