The color and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of fresh-cut Golden delicious apples were evaluated throughout cold storage under modified atmospheres. The shelf life of cut apples was extended to several weeks, especially when an initial atmosphere of 90.5% N(2) + 7% CO(2) + 2.5% O(2) and plastic pouches of 30 cm(3)/cm(2) x bar x 24 h were used. Under these conditions, a maximum 62% PPO activi...

Pressurized injection of nematicidal solutions was effective for control of nematodes within trees and vines. Significant (P = 0.01) control of Pratylenchus vulnus on grape was attained with four nonfumigants (carbofuran, oxamyl, phenamiphos, and sulfocarb) and one fumigant nematicide (DBCP). Pratylenchus penetrans was controlled (P = 0.05 and 0.1) in apples and walnuts with sulfocarh and oxamy...

We present the results from an elicitation experiment in which human speakers were asked to produced quantified referring expressions (QREs), as in ‘The crate with 10 apples’, ‘The crate with many apples’, etc. These results suggest that some subtle contextual factors govern the choice between different types of QREs, and that numerals are highly preferred for subitizable quantities despite the...

In either setting, it is common for a research group to generate bulk annotations over a preferred corpus internally, using their own tools, programming languages and formats, but then reporting on this as merely an engineering pre-processing step not worth describing in significant detail. Worse, these annotated collections are often not available to the rest of the community, making it diffic...

I. PRICE AND DEMAND “Why do consumers buy apples?” and “How can we get them to buy more?” These are key questions facing the apple industry. The answers are far from simple and require us to consider eating quality, as well as the beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of consumers. This is the first of three articles that summarize the results from a review of the literature on consumer responses ...

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a serious pest of pome fruit, is a threat to exportation of apples (Malus spp.) because of the possibility of shipping infested fruit. The need for alternatives to fumigants such as methyl bromide for quarantine security of exported fruit has encouraged the development of effective fumigants with reduced side effects. The endophytic...

Researchers in New Zealand have cloned and characterized a gene which, when disrupted, allows apples to develop without seeds. This highly prized trait, fully developed in only a handful of other fruits, has proved a big bonus for growers and consumers alike. What's more, in apples the phenotype might offer other potential advantages for growers of this often difficult crop. Thousands of apple ...

Apple farming cultivation is expanding in Balochistan. But there is no scientific study present on this subject which apple genus is beneficial according to nutritional point of view. This is the main object of this study to evaluate the nutritive composition of different Genus of apples. Keeping this objective in mind two different genus of apples were selected i.e. Malus Sylvestris and Malusd...

The potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the wavelength range of 1000-2500 nm for predicting quality parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), acidity (TA), firmness, and individual sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and xylose) for two cultivars of apples ("Braeburn" and "Cripps Pink") was studied during the pre- and post-storage periods. Simultaneously, a qualitative invest...

Calcium deficiency in apple fruit has been identified as a primary cause of bitter pit in apples, however some apples are not as susceptible as others. The apple cultivar ‘Scilate’ has been identified as less susceptible to bitter pit, but it is not known whether high calcium concentrations are what contribute this resistance. Because scilate is a more recent variety, little research has been d...