量(Quantities)は、あらゆる場面で用いられ、我々が世界を理解するために重要な一部で ある。エンジンの馬力、サイズ、走行距離、自動車の価格など、様々な量について私たち は会話を行っている。 この論文では、それらの表現を生成する、認知的な量および法則の象徴的表現(symbolic representations)を提案する。言語学と心理学の分野から証拠を集めた結果、その表象は 2 種類に分けることが出来ると主張する。 ・Dimensional representations 「大きい」や「小さい」など、量の変化を意味するもの ・Structural representations 「沸点」や「貧困線」など、質の変化を意味するもの そこで、パイロット実験を行った結果、Dimensional な区別に関して、人々に共通する 特徴が存在することが示唆された。 また最後に、我々は計算モ...

This paper defines the fidelity of recovery of a tripartite quantum state on systems A, B, and C as a measure of how well one can recover the full state on all three systems if system A is lost and a recovery operation is performed on system C alone. The surprisal of the fidelity of recovery (its negative logarithm) is an information quantity which obeys nearly all of the properties of the cond...

We consider the nonparametric density estimation problem for a quantity of interest computed from solutions of an elliptic partial differential equation with randomly perturbed coefficients and data. Our particular interest are problems for which limited knowledge of the random perturbations are known. We derive an efficient method for computing samples and generating an approximate probability...

Photosynthetic pigments in a warm core eddy of the East Australian Current were studied by In vjvo fluorometry, spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography. The Variosens i n sltu fluorometer gave only an approximate guide to the location and quantity of phytoplankton in the water column; spectrophotometric curve analysis revealed the presence of intact or detrital chlorophylls, and quantit...

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) uses a very strong magnetic field and radio frequency (RF) pulses to study the structure of molecules through the resonance frequencies of specific nuclei within the molecule. In order to characterize biochars, several solid-state techniques utilizing C and H nuclei can be used to determine the relative quantity of carbon functional groups, the appr...

In some practical situations, we know a set of possible values of a physical quantity – a set which is not an interval. Since computing with sets is often complicated, it is desirable to approximate this set by an easier-to-process set: namely, with an interval. In this paper, we describe intervals which are the closest approximations to a given set. 1 Formulation of the Problem Why do we need ...

Experiments have shown that the folding rate constants of two dozen structurally unrelated, small, single-domain proteins can be expressed in terms of one quantity (the contact order) that depends exclusively on the topology of the folded state. Such dependence is unique in chemical kinetics. Here we investigate its physical origin and derive the approximate formula ln(k) = ln(N) + a + bN, were...

In this paper we investigate classes of graphs that are defined by forbidding certain substructures. Let H be such a class. We focus on two related goals: to approximate the cardinality of H and to determine the structure of a typical graph in H. In particular, we add the additional constraint that all graphs in H must have the same density c and would like to know how the answer to these quest...

While the increasing popularity of folksonomies has lead to a vast quantity of tagged data, resource retrieval in these systems is limited by them being agnostic to the meaning (i.e., semantics) of tags. Our goal is to automatically enrich folksonomy tags (and implicitly the related resources) with formal semantics by associating them to relevant concepts defined in online ontologies. We introd...