Rhythms, or patterns in time, play a vital role in both speech and music. Proficiency in a number of rhythm skills has been linked to language ability, suggesting that certain rhythmic processes in music and language rely on overlapping resources. However, a lack of understanding about how rhythm skills relate to each other has impeded progress in understanding how language relies on rhythm pro...

We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine the effect of various family structures on behavioral and cognitive outcomes for children aged 7 to 10. We extended previous research by using a longitudinal definition of family structure and by exploring multiple mechanisms through which family structure may affect children in 2 outcome domains. We found that family income...

Human beings differ from one another in numerous ways. The demands of a particular situation drawn upon aptitudes that create individual differences in a person’s response to a problem. A students performance in education is a product of whatever mixture of predispositions he/she brings to that performance that interact with the educational tasks and situations presented. Perkins (1985) alluded...

In a replication of Turkheimer, Haley, Waldron, D'Onofrio, Gottesman II (2003, Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children. Psychological Science, 14:623-628), we investigate genotype-environment (G x E) interaction in the cognitive aptitude of 839 twin pairs who completed the National Merit Scholastic Qualifying Test in 1962. Shared environmental influences were stronger...

Much of humankind's remarkable mental aptitude can be attributed to analogical ability – the ability to perceive and use relational similarity. In this chapter, we present an overview of analogy and describe its component processes, including structural alignment and inference projection, evaluation, schema abstraction and re-representation. We discuss how these component processes lead to lear...

Hot on the heels of the study on the profile of students who scored well in the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) carried out by Professor David James et of Nottingham University 1 published in the British Medical Journal (white males from professional or managerial backgrounds with independent or grammar school education scored best marks) comes an interesting survey carried out on the Health ...

The issue of treatment assignment is ordinarily dealt with within the framework of testing Aptitude Treatment Interaction hypotheses ATI research mostly uses linear regression techniques, and an ATI exist when the AT regression lines cross each other within the relevant interval of the aptitude variable. Consistent with this approach is the use of the points of interaction of AT regression line...

In vocational retraining centres, a test battery including several performance tests is generally administered to assess the occupational aptitude of rehabilitants and to predict their success in occupational retraining. This paper presents the multiple regressions of a set of achievement scores on "grades of retraining" and "grades of final examination", respectively, concerning retraining to ...

Students from an introductory programming class were given several tests in an attempt to establish whether any of their test scores correlated well with their measured programming ability. It was discovered that, when used in combination, the Autism Research Centre’s SQ [1] and EQ [2] tests showed a high correlation (r = .67) with a test for programming ability. Individually, SQ and EQ show mo...

A study of over 200 Terminal Air Traffic Control Specialists indicated that their training performance could be well predicted by a composite of four aptitude tests measuring: numerical ability, non-verbal abstract reasoning, ability to solve simplified air traffic problems, and verbal abstract reasoning. Pre-employment experience directly related to air traffic control was also found to contri...