Several studies have reported a possible link between antiaquaporin- 4 antibody and vitamin B12 deficiency in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Bilaterally symmetric hyperintense signals on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the posterior columns, called inverted V sign, are characteristic feature subacute combined degeneration associated with deficiency. We report patient anti-a...

this paper investigates the mechanism of water transportation through aquaporin-4(aqp4) of ratbrain cells by means of molecular dynamics simulation with charmm software. the aqp4 wasembedded into a bilayer made of dimystroilphosphatylcholine (dmpc). the results illustrate thatwater molecules move through aqp4's channel with change of orientation of oxygen of eachwater molecule.

Excessive light causes damage to photoreceptor and pigment epithelial cells, and a local edema in the outer retina. Since Müller glial cells normally mediate the osmohomeostasis in the inner retina (mainly via channel-mediated transport of potassium and water), we determined whether retinal light injury causes an alteration in the retinal localization of glial water (aquaporin-4) and potassium ...

To the Editor: In their review article on water balance, Knepper et al. (April 2 issue)1 discuss water channels (aquaporins) in renal tubular cells. They omit mention of the critical role played by aquaporin-1 in microvascular endothelia. In the renal microvasculature, endothelial aquaporin-1 mediates the osmotic water efflux across descending vasa recta and is required for regulation of medull...

Recently a specific auto-antibody response has been found in patients with neuromyelitis optica, which is directed against the astrocytic water channel aquaporin 4. In experimental models these antibodies do not induce disease or lesions in the central nervous system, when present in the circulation of normal rats. However, when T-cell mediated inflammation is induced in such animals, circulati...