This study estimates three hypotheses of OPEC behavior: market-sharing, target revenue and competitive model for the period 1980 to 2000 for all OPEC courtiers except Iraq. To examine co-integration relation for oil production, we use ADF test in OLS estimation. Also we use ARDL approach to examine these hypotheses and the long run relationship of them. Results indicate none of three hypotheses...

This study examines the effect of capital market development on economic growth Nigeria using data Real Gross Domestic Product as a proxy for while variables constitute independent variables. includes Market Capitalization, All Share Index, Number Listed Securities and number listed companies The adopted an expost-facto research design which utilized secondary period 1983 -2016. While Augmented...

T he main objective of this paper was the investigation of the impact of the trade openness on economic growth in Pakistan. We have been employed both the Johensen and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Co-integration together with ECM Techniques for the period 1975-2016. The empirical estimated results are the sound evidence that there exists a short...

This study examined the relationship among cash crop exportation, real exchange rate, nominal and volatility. focuses on effects of rate exportation in Nigeria. covers a four-decade period between, 1980 2020. The used pairwise granger, Distributive Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integrate long-run variables. outcome shows that there is unidirectional causality between production long ...

The idea of green growth stresses the necessity for economic expansion while resolving environmental issues, notably climate change. Internet Things (IoT) and regulations have potential to support growth. Therefore, this study intends examine empirical link between IoT, regulations, in China by utilizing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) quantile (QARDL) methods analyze data from 1997 2021....

The paper proposes a new bootstrap approach to Pesaran, Shin, and Smith’s bound tests in conditional equilibrium correction model overcome some typical drawbacks of the latter, such as inconclusive inference distortion size. are worked out under several data-generating processes, including degenerate cases. Monte Carlo simulations confirm better performance relative ones asymptotic F test on in...

Pakistan's local currency has been devalued during different exchange regimes, which may substantially affect energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of rate depreciation on emissions from 1990–2018. We apply nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach for empirical analysis found that increases in both short long runs. Th...