The plasticity of any given trait, which has a genetic basis and which may or may not be adaptive, can intensify or attenuate evolved responses, and can itself evolve in response to selection depending on the scale of spatial or temporal heterogeneity. To investigate the complex function and evolution of plastic traits, an appealing yet challenging approach is assessing responses to artificial ...

Artificial evolution refers to any procedure that uses the mechanism of Darwinian evolution to generate a product. While this definition encompasses the evolution of organic life forms by means of artificial selection (breeding of animals, plants, or microorganisms), artificial evolution commonly refers to the instantiation of evolution within a nonbiological medium. Artificial evolution is som...

The first stage in development and design of Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants (PSHP) is finding the optimum location. This paper presents a methodology for preliminary site selection of PSHP with the help of geospatial data analysis in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The conventional method of PSHP site selection has certain limitations and is not cost and time effective. The...