For both pathogenic fungi and bacteria, extracellular vesicles have been shown to contain many microbial components associated with virulence, suggesting a role in pathogenesis. However, there are many unresolved issues regarding vesicle synthesis and stability, including the fact that vesicular packaging for extracellular factors involved in virulence must also have a mechanism for vesicle unl...

We found exaggerated chemotaxis in plasma treated with EDTA and thought that the EDTA might itself be inhibiting a tonic inhibitor(s) of chemotaxis. Our plasma fractionations suggested that evidence should be sought for a lipid moiety carrying this activity, and on spectrometry (LC-MS-MS together with GC-MS analyses), the biologically active but not the inactive fraction contained oleic and ara...

On the basis of toxicity assays using partition centrifugation cells it was established that the sedimentation coefficient of type A botulinum toxin appearing in the lymph of orally poisoned rats was 7.9 x 10(-18) cm. per dyne sec. with 95 per cent confidence limits of 4.4 to 11.4 x 10(-13) cm. per dyne sec. This is a significantly lower value than that obtained for crystalline toxin but is wel...

sodium salt of n-acetyl-dl-tryptophan (at) and octanoic acid (caprylic acid ca) individually and in combination were studied as thermal stabilizer with different concentrations in heat treatment of human albumin solution. hplc protein profiles before pasteurization of albumin showed less than 1% polymer. in free stabilizer albumin solution during pasteurization visible clot was formed. but by u...

In the normal dog the rate of movement of cholesterol from the serum into the inner layer of the aortic wall is greatest at the proximal end of the aorta and decreases progressively along the length of the aorta until in the terminal aorta the rate is only about one sixth that in the proximal aorta. A similar gradient of rates was previously demonstrated for albumin which enters the aortic wall...

A relatively fresh bovine plasma albumin (BPA) preparation (0.65 sulfhydryl group per albumin molecule; 5 to 6% dimer) and an old bovine mercaptalbumin (BMA) preparation (0.72 sulfhydryl group per albumin molecule; 8 to 9 % dimer) were fractionated in a phosphate gradient on DEAE-Sephadex A-SO. Two dimer fractions were obtained. One dimer fraction had a relatively high sulfhydryl content and co...

Constitutive secretory vesicles carrying heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) were identified in isolated rat hepatocytes by pulse-chase experiments with [35S]sulfate and purified by velocity-controlled sucrose gradient centrifugation followed by equilibrium density centrifugation in Nycodenz. Using this procedure, the vesicles were separated from plasma membranes, Golgi, trans-Golgi network (TG...

The endolymphatic sac (ES) is an inner ear organ that is connected to the cochleo-vestibular system through the endolymphatic duct. The luminal fluid of the ES contains a much higher concentration of proteins than any other compartment of the inner ear. This high protein concentration likely contributes to inner ear fluid volume regulation by creating an osmotic gradient between the ES lumen an...

Mitochondria were isolated from whole homogenates of normal liver and Novikoff hepatomas using reorienting rate zonal centrifugation on sucrose gradients. The activities of several mitochondrial-specific enzymes and ultrastructure were compared in the two tissues. Our results indicate that cytochrome oxidase, lipoamide dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase activities ...

The microvascular endothelial cell monolayer localized at the critical interface between the blood and vessel wall has the vital functions of regulating tissue fluid balance and supplying the essential nutrients needed for the survival of the organism. The endothelial cell is an exquisite "sensor" that responds to diverse signals generated in the blood, subendothelium, and interacting cells. Th...