The wavelength-dependent aerosol extinction in the 800-1250-cm(-1) region has been derived from ATMOS (atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy) high-spectral-resolution IR transmission measurements. Using models of aerosol and cloud extinction, we have performed weighted nonlinear least-squares fitting to determine the aerosol-volume columns and vertical profiles of stratospheric sulfate aeroso...

The need has been stressed in recent years for relating the designof fighting equipment to the physiological characteristics of the men who must be responsible eventually for its operation, as well as to its mechanical efficiency. Changes in environment may also affect mental or physical performance of a given task or interfere in other ways with physical well-being. The most widely known examp...

It has been proved that the link layer compression is very cost-effective when applied to ATM networks. In this paper we present a complete framework for link-layer compression. The framework consists of two different compression schemes. The choice of which scheme to use depends on the special characteristics of the targeted network. We also present the guidelines of a Connection Admission Con...

We present a version of a dynamical spectral model for large eddy simulation based on the eddy damped quasinormal Markovian approximation [S. A. Orszag, in, edited by R. Balian, Proceedings of Les Houches Summer School, 1973 (Gordon and Breach, New York, 1977), p. 237; J. P. Chollet and M. Lesievr, J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 2747 (1981)]. Three distinct modifications are implemented and tested. On the ...

estimation. 25. Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online. 26. F. J. Wentz, M. Schabel, Nature 403, 414 (2000). 27. T. M. Smith, R. W. Reynolds, J. Clim.18, 2021 (2005). 28. P. D. Jones, A. Moberg, J. Clim. 16, 206 (2003). 29. HadCRUT2v is the designation for version 2 of the (variance-corrected) Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit surface temperature data se...

[1] This study presents the first climatology for the dust emission amount associated with Nocturnal Low-Level Jets (NLLJs) in North Africa. These wind speed maxima near the top of the nocturnal boundary layer can generate near-surface peak winds due to shear-driven turbulence in the course of the night and the NLLJ breakdown during the following morning. The associated increase in the near-sur...

â  performance and capacity of sulfur recovery unit (sru) are greatly affected by the h2s:co2 ratio of the acid gas stream. the acid gases in iran contain around 35 mol% h2s and 60 mol% co2. this low concentration of h2s calls for more complex sulfur plant, larger equipments, and higher costs. acid gas enrichment processes (age) is run to upgrade low quality acid gas collected from gas treating...

This study focuses on dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayers near full hydration. Volumetric data and high-resolution synchrotron x-ray data are used in a method that compares DOPC with well determined gel phase dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). The key structural quantity obtained is fully hydrated area/lipid A0 = 72.2 +/- 1.1 A2 at 30 degrees C, from which other quantities such as t...

All three terrestrial planets with atmospheres support O3 layers of some thickness. While currently only that of Earth is substantial enough to be climatically significant, we hypothesize that ancient Mars may also have supported a thick O3 layer during volcanically quiescent periods when the atmosphere was oxidizing. To characterize such an O3 layer and determine the significance of its feedba...

A first principles-based mean field model was developed for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) taking account of the coverage- and material-dependent reversible potentials of the elementary steps. This model was applied to the simulation of single crystal surfaces of Pt, Pt alloy and Pt core-shell catalysts under Ar and O(2) atmospheres. The results are consistent with those shown by past expe...