Alachlor is an herbicide that is widely used worldwide to protect plant crops against broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. However, due to its endocrine-disrupting activity, its application had been banned in the European Union. As described in our earlier work, Paecilomyces marquandii is a microscopic fungus capable of alachlor removal by N-acetyl oxidation. Our current work uses proteomics and...

Atrazine, a member of the 2-chloro-s-triazine family of herbicides, is the most widely used pesticide in the world and often detected in agriculture watersheds. Although it was generally considered as an endocrine disruptor, posing a potential threat to human health, the molecular mechanisms of atrazine effects remain unclear. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we identified a panel of ...

Work under this investigation included farm survey, extension, and research components using both the CLSU research station and demonstration farms. An experiment was conducted for the determination of optimal stocking sizes, considering the growth and survival performance of various sizes of fingerlings along with economic factors. Size #22 sex-reversed nursery phase fingerlings of Nile tilapi...

This correspondence is a commentary on “Gonadal Development of Larval Male Xenopus laevis Exposed to Atrazine in Outdoor Microcosms” by Jooste et al. (1). Since the publication of our paper, “Hermaphroditic, Demasculinized Frogs after Exposure to the Herbicide Atrazine at Low Ecologically Relevant Doses” (2), which demonstrated that atrazine is a potent endocrine disruptor that chemically castr...

The widely used herbicide, atrazine, has been reported to exhibit reproductive toxicity in rats and amphibians. The present studies investigate toxicity of atrazine in Japanese quail and its ability to influence reproduction in sexually immature females. Atrazine was administered in the diet at concentrations from 0.001 to 1000 ppm (approximately 109 mg kg-1 per day) or systemically via daily s...

Mississippi Delta cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in rotation with corn (Zea mays L.) was evaluated in field experiments from 2000 to 2005 at Stoneville, Mississippi. Plots maintained under minimum tillage were established in 2000 on a Dundee silt loam with treatments including continuous cotton or corn and alternate cotton-corn rotations. Mineralization and dissipation of 14C [ring]-...

We previously reported that a velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic) biotype found in Maryland was resistant to atrazine because of an enhanced capacity to detoxify the herbicide via glutathione conjugation (JW Gronwald, Andersen RN, Yee C [1989] Pestic Biochem Physiol 34: 149-163). The biochemical basis for the enhanced atrazine conjugation capacity in this biotype was examined. Glutathione l...

Most toxicology studies focus on effects of contaminants during exposure. This is disconcerting because subsequent survival may be affected. For instance, contaminant-induced mortality can be later ameliorated by reduced competition among the survivors, a concept we refer to as "density-mediated compensation." Alternatively, it can be exacerbated by toxicant effects that persist or appear after...

Chronic administration of alachlor in the diet at a level of 126 mg/kg/day has previously been shown to cause an increase in benign thyroid follicular cell tumors in male Long-Evans rats. Studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of the alachlor-induced thyroid tumors in the male rat by evaluating changes in parameters that are collectively associated with a hormonally mediated mode of ...

Field assessment of integrated management BT cotton pests was carried out in two consecutive seasons; 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 the experimental research farm Kassala University, Sudan. Four insecticides (imidacloprid, abamectin, profenofos, lufenuron) from different chemical groups with a mode action three levels (43.81 kgha-1, 87.62 131.43 kgha-1) soil-applied nitrogen were tested IPM package. ...