aortopulmonary window (apw) is a rare congenital malformation. it results from an incomplete division between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery. we describe a 26-year-old male, who presented with a grade ii exertional dyspnea and palpitations. echocardiography revealed an apw with an ascending aorta aneurysm. he underwent surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass without aortic cross-clam...

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that is being increasingly treated using percutaneous interventions. However, these techniques are not devoid of complications. One such complication is device embolization. Removal of such closure device poses tremendous risk and consequent complications both by percutaneous retrieval and surgical removal. Herein, we present two cases of ...

OBJECTIVE Noonan syndrome is a clinically homogeneous but genetically heterogeneous condition. Type 1 Noonan syndrome is defined by the presence of a mutation in the PTPN11 gene, which is found in approximately 40% of the cases. Phenotype descriptions and cardiac defects from cohorts with Noonan syndrome were delineated in the "pregenomic era." We report the heart defects and links to gene dysf...

FALLOT'S tetralogy is a condition of cyanotic congenital heart disease associated with pulmonary stenosis and a ventricular septal defect. The right ventricular hypertrophy and overriding aorta are probably a result of the altered hemodynamics. The essential features of the condition are cyanosis, pulmonary stenosis and a ventricular septal defect. Consequently, the so-called Trilogy of Fallot ...

A 54-year-old woman with the Noonan syndrome was admitted with congestive heart failure and a giant right atrial thrombus with atrial septal defect detected by two-dimensional echocardiography. The thrombus vanished on oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin. The thrombus is considered to result from hemostasis in the right atrium due to congestive heart failure and to her specific skeletal ch...

RATIONALE The atrial septal defect is one of the most common congenital anomalies in adults, but it is rarely diagnosed. It is characterized by a defect in the interatrial septum that allows pulmonary venous return to pass from the left to the right atrium. OBJECTIVE A case of a 75-year-old female who presented with dyspnea, orthopnea, lower extremities swelling and palpitations is reported h...

supravalvar mitral ring is a rare congenital heart defect of surgical importance. the condition is characterized by an abnormal ridge of the connective tissue on the atrial side of the mitral valve. it often substantially obstructs the mitral valve inflow. we herein introduce a case of a supravalvar mitral ring in a 17-year-old male, who was admitted to our hospital with cardiac syncope. he had...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate our clinical experience using an Amplatzer septal occluder for catheter closure of a secundum atrial septal defect under transthoracic echocardiography guidance without general anaesthesia. METHODS Patients eligible for transcatheter atrial septal defect closure were selected using transthoracic echocardiography. The largest defect diameter meas...

OBJECTIVE To define by three dimensional echocardiography the pattern and potential determinants of contraction of a secundum atrial septal defect through the cardiac cycle, and to evaluate the possibility of using cross sectional transthoracic and transoesophageal imaging to assess the dynamic nature of the defect. DESIGN Three dimensional echocardiography was performed using a multiplane tr...