The perception of music can be impaired after a stroke. This dysfunction is called amusia and amusia patients often also show deficits in visual abilities, language, memory, learning, and attention. The current study investigated whether deficits in music perception are selective for musical input or generalize to other perceptual abilities. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that deficits ...

This paper maintains that studies of atypical attention targeting one particular age group are unlikely to be informative of syndrome-specific deficits and their developmental changes. We propose a new approach to the study of attentional deficits in genetic disorders, arguing for tracing cross-syndrome developmental trajectories from infancy through childhood to adulthood. Few studies have inc...

Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are devastating neurodevelopmental disorders of unknown aetiology with characteristic deficits in social interaction, communication and behaviour. Individuals with ASD show deficits in executive function (EF), which are hypothesised to underlie core repetitive, stereotyped behaviours of autism. Neuroimaging research has identified structural brain abnormalities...

Although research has demonstrated that children with specific language impairment (SLI) and reading disorder (RD) exhibit sustained attention deficits, no study has investigated sustained attention in children with speech sound disorder (SSD). Given the overlap of symptoms, such as phonological memory deficits, between these different language disorders (i.e., SLI, SSD and RD) and the relation...

Four experiments were conducted to ascertain whether myopia is associated with deficits of visuospatial attention. In myopic and emmetropic control subjects, we studied: (1) automatic and voluntary orienting of attention, (2) focusing of attention and (3) performance on a visual search task. The results indicated that automatic orienting was defective in myopics and their performance in visual ...

OBJECTIVE Deficient reward processing has gained attention as an important aspect of ADHD, but little is known about reward-based decision-making (DM) in adults with ADHD. This article summarizes research on DM in adult ADHD and contextualizes DM deficits by comparing them to attention deficits. METHOD Meta-analytic methods were used to calculate average effect sizes for different DM domains ...

Genetic epidemiological studies strongly suggest that additive and interactive genes, each with small effects, mediate the genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. With the human genome working draft at hand, candidate gene (and ultimately large-scale genome-wide) association studies are gaining renewed interest in the effort to unravel the complex genetics of schizophrenia. Linkage and fine ma...