Low threshold Ca2+ currents mediated by T-type channels underlie burst spike activities of relay neurons in the thalamus. We have previously reported that knock-out mice for T-type channels show an enhanced nociceptive response to visceral pain, accompanied by an increase in tonic spikes in the absence of burst spikes in thalamic relay neurons. These results raised a possibility that T-type cha...

Rapid progress in technologies such as calcium imaging and electrophysiology has seen a dramatic increase the size extent of neural recordings. Even so, interpretation this data requires considerable knowledge about nature representation often depends on manual operations. Decoding provides means to infer information content recordings but typically highly processed prior encoding scheme. Here,...

Predation risk is a key factor that impacts the growth and behavior of organisms. The ability to detect react potential predators provides major competitive advantage, but energetic costs associated with anti-predator behaviors can be severe. Monarch (Danaus plexippus) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) caterpillars airborne through auditory predator cues, identifying sound threat exhibiting accordingl...

HYPOTHESIS Undesirable behaviors in young children with cochlear implants suggest device soft failure. BACKGROUND Cochlear implant soft failure refers to nonoptimal performance not detectable with routine hardware checks. Pediatric failures may delay language development, but failure detection is difficult. A 2005 soft failure consensus statement recommended a checklist for suspected device m...

27 Sensory systems are dynamic. They must process a wide range of natural signals that facilitate 28 adaptive behaviors in a manner that depends on an organism’s constantly changing goals. A full 29 understanding of the sensory physiology that underlies adaptive natural behaviors must therefore 30 account for the activity of sensory systems in light of these behavioral goals. Here, we present a...

Although vocal signals including human languages are composed of a finite number of acoustic elements, complex and diverse vocal patterns can be created from combinations of these elements, linked together by syntactic rules. To enable such syntactic vocal behaviors, neural systems must extract the sequence patterns from auditory information and establish syntactic rules to generate motor comma...

The vocal plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) has become an excellent model for identifying neural mechanisms of auditory perception that may be shared by all vertebrates. Recent neuroethological studies of the midshipman fish have yielded strong evidence for the steroid-dependent modulation of hearing sensitivity that leads to enhanced coupling of sender and receiver in this vocal-ac...

abstract   introduction: hearing impairment affects all aspect of individual life, especially auditory perception, while use of cochlear implant or hearing aids has been associated with appropriate effects in auditory performance. the aim of the present research was to comparing auditory perception in children with cochlear implant, hearing aids and normal hearing in tehran province. materials ...

Sound categorization is essential for auditory behaviors like acoustic communication, but its genesis within the auditory pathway is not well understood-especially for learned natural categories like vocalizations, which often share overlapping acoustic features that must be distinguished (e.g., speech). We use electrophysiological mapping and single-unit recordings in mice to investigate how r...

Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present overlapping symptomatology. Attention and listening problems, maladaptive behavior, distractibility, instruction-following difficulty, and increased time required to complete tasks appear on checklists purportedly characterizing behaviors exhibited by individuals with CAPD and ADHD. The prese...