Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxic protein produced by Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium. BTX therapy is a safe and effective treatment when used for functional silencing of the salivary glands in disorders such as sialoceles and salivary fistulae that may have a post-traumatic or post-operative origin. BTX injections can be considered in sialoceles and salivary fistulae after th...

Background: The treatment of benign parotid tumours has shifted from superficial or total parotidectomy to partial parotidectomy in the recent two decade. This study examined whether current surgical techniques improved functional outcomes after surgery for benign parotid tumours. Methods: twenty six patients were assigned randomly to superficial or total parotidectomy (13 patients) and partial...

Max L. Birnstiel When I first met Max in Zurich in the fall of 1974, ‘‘Switzerland’’ seemed to be written all over him. I had just arrived from the United States, and his reserved politeness, his aversion to jokes, and his habit of neither wasting nor mincing his words all fitted the cliché of the Swiss German. My impression was reinforced when he told me that his paternal ancestors had been gu...

shwaehman syndrome, next to cystic fibrosis, is the second cause of congenita! exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children. it appears as steatorrhea, recurrent infections and hematologic abnormalities such as neutropenia, skeletal dysplasia and short stature. in this study, we reviewed 3 patients' histories. all of them showed cellular chemotaxic defect. one of them had been affected by neph...