non-authority of “alidjma almadraki” (idjma with known origins) is a topic frequently raised in the usulis’ contemporary literature. in this paper, the authority of “alidjma almadraki” has been studied through revisiting this idjma since the introduction of idjma in general by shia scholars up to the present. the results of this study show that based on all foundations raised to prove the autho...

We explore enforcement spillovers when sanctions at one entity influence behavior at other entities. Our model illustrates when spillovers arise from a regulatory channel and when they arise from a channel not previously emphasized: product markets. Our model motivates empirically-refutable hypotheses, which we test using data from Clean Water Act manufacturers. We find that penalties create po...

Journal of Physical Therapy Education 33 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE As we move into the 21st century and the average age of the United States population continues to increase, the need for qualified physical therapists and physical therapist assistants continues to grow. Schools need to graduate qualified students to meet this demand. Therefore, finding prediction models that identify student and p...

In this study, we will touch upon the legal arrangements issued in Turkey for prevention of condensation and for ensuring pluralism in the media. We will mention the legal arrangements concerning the regulatory and supervisory authority, namely the Radio and Television Supreme Council, for the visual and auditory media. In this context; the legal arrangements, which have been introduced by the ...

This paper traces the development of a criminal case management system for legal aid funded appeals litigation in a Glasgow based law practice, funded in part by the Teaching Companies Scheme. It attempts to place this development in the context of the general trend towards the deployment of such IT solutions to legal problems in a fast-changing environment (Susskind 1998) and, more particularl...

The Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) DNS Resource Record allows a DNS domain name holder to specify one or more Certification Authorities (CAs) authorized to issue certificates for that domain. CAA Resource Records allow a public Certification Authority to implement additional controls to reduce the risk of unintended certificate mis-issue. This document defines the syntax of the CAA...