After analyzing fundamental impact characteristics of robot-human collisions in our previous work, the intention in the present paper is to augment existing knowledge in this field, verify previously given statements with standardized equipment of the German Automobile Club (ADAC), and provide a crash-test report for robots in general. Various new insights are achieved and a systematic and exte...

Since nearly half of children fatally injured in automobile crashes were restrained, optimizing occupant protection systems for children is essential to reducing morbidity and mortality. Data from the Partners for Child Passenger Safety study were used to compare the differential injury risk between drivers and their child passengers in the same crash, with a focus on vehicle model year. A matc...

To improve the safety and comfort of a human-machine system, the machine needs to ‘know,’ in a real time manner, the human operator in the system. The machine’s assistance to the human can be fine tuned if the machine is able to sense the human’s state and intent. Related to this point, this paper discusses issues of human trust in automation, automation surprises, responsibility and authority....

Road traffic accidents are a major health problem in developing countries. Saudi Arabia is no exception to this worldwide dilemma. The increase in per capita income in the last two decades has made automobile available for alJ households. This increase along with other reasons has put the traffic accidents, injuries, and fatalities at an alarming figures. This paper presents the various traffic...

Senior drivers are vulnerable to automobile crashes and subsequent injury and death. Safety belts reduce health risks associated with auto crashes. Therefore, it is important to encourage senior drivers to wear safety belts while driving. Using an AB design, replicated five times, we evaluated the short- and long-term effects of a sign with the message "BUCKLE UP, STAY SAFE" attached to a stop ...

Due to their small size, low weight, low cost and low energy consumption, MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) devices have achieved great commercial success in recent decades. MEMS accelerometers have been widely used in automobile airbag deployment systems, inertial navigations, etc. In this paper, the design and simulation of a novel bulk-micromachined capacitive MEMS dual axis acceleromete...

The need for fuel efficiency and increased performance in transportation systems continually places new demands on the materials used. The design criteria which automobile and aerospace industries are primarily concerned with are density, strength, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. Low-density materials may reduce fuel costs, increase range, and allow larger payloads. High strength and stiff...

To examine how patient safety considerations are incorporated into medical device purchasing decisions, individuals involved in recent infusion pump purchasing decisions at three different health care organizations were interviewed using a structured interview process. Interview questions covered triggers for the purchasing process; the purchasing process itself; how safety was evaluated and in...