A requisite for reliable food web models and ecosystem-based management in regions such as the California Current is the availability of diet information on key predators. In upwelling ecosystems, much of the lower trophic level energy may be transferred through a relatively small set of very abundant pelagic forage fish taxa, such as anchovies, sardines, smelts, and herring. In addition the pe...

Simantri is agricultural integration activity in Bali, Indonesia covering food crops, horticulture businesses, animal husbandry, fisheries, plantations, and forestry crops one area/activity location. The Group 733 Manah Cika Guna Bhakti Desa Baru has been formed since 2009, with available feed sources the form of grasses that grow naturally (nature grass) some forage plants such as gamal (Gliri...

Brangus cows (n = 29) were used in three experiments to evaluate the effects of parity (multiparous vs. primiparous) and potential genetic merit for milk production (high vs. low) on forage intake during late gestation, early lactation, and late lactation. Cows were selected for milk production based on their sire's EPD for milk production (MEPD). Cows had ad libitum access to (130% of previous...

The daily BW gain of stocker steers grazing tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbysh. = Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.]-based pastures typically declines during summer. To avoid these declines, in part to mitigate the effects of tall fescue toxicosis, it is commonly advised to move cattle to warm-season forage during this period. A 3-yr (2006, 2007, and 2008) grazing ...

This paper deals principally with alteration to the physical form of forage diets and the effect on rumen fermentation. When a forage crop is cut and conserved there are possibilities of (a) changing the physical and chemical characteristics of the forage before it is given and (b) of combining the forage with other food components. T o produce a ruminant ration of high nutrient potential both ...

Performance and production of growing cattle (Bos taurus) on Coastal Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture are affected by forage allowance, but possible interactions with fertilizer nutrient source (i.e., inorganic vs. organic) and time have not been well described. We evaluated the effects of 3 nutrient sources with equivalent N rates: 1) inorganic, 2) crimson clover (Trifolium i...

One hundred thirty-eight Angus cross yearling steers (initial BW 390 ± 0.5 kg) were allotted by BW to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of 6 treatments (4 pens per treatment) to determine the effect of wet distillers grains (WDG) concentration (0, 20, 40% of dietary DM) in low-forage (12% hay) and high-forage (50% hay) diets on growth performance and marbling. Steers were implanted on d 0 with Comp...

The calcium status of lactating, non-lactating, and male sheep on farm in southwestern Punjab, Pakistan was studied. Pasture and animal were sampled at the end of the first month of summer and winter. All samplings were carried out fortnightly. A mineral supplement was available to all animals throughout the year. Plasma calcium in all animals was not affected by the physiologic state and gende...

The technologies monitoring the transcriptome are under a continuous status of development and implementation, producing high amounts of expression data which require reliable and well structured databases. This chapter provides a general overview and a reliable guide of these technologies, as developed from the early ‘90s until today, and of the most important available expression databases. T...