BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Four-dimensional, contrast-enhanced MRA is a useful technique for the diagnosis and classification of brain AVM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its usefulness in the follow-up of treated brain AVM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with treated brain AVM (embolization, radiosurgery, and/or surgery) were investigated with both DSA (the "gold standard") and 4D MRA...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Therapy of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) often requires the combination of different treatment modalities. Independently assessed data on neurologic outcome after multidisciplinary AVM therapy are scarce. METHODS The 119 consecutive patients (49% women, mean age 34+/-13 years) with brain AVMs receiving endovascular embolization followed by surgical treatment ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nidus rupture is a serious complication of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolotherapy, but its pathogenetic mechanisms are not well described. An AVM model based on electrical network analysis was used to investigate theoretically the potential role of hemodynamic perturbations for elevating the risk of nidus vessel rupture (Rrupt) after simulated AVM emb...

Sir, Angiodermatitis is a common disorder with a clinical and morphological resemblance to Kaposi's sarcoma. In 1965, Mali et al. described the condition ``acro-angidermatitis'' in 18 patients with chronic venous insu¤ciency (1). Other names for this disorder are Stewart-Bluefard syndrome, angiodermatitis, congenital dysplastic angiography, Kaposi-like arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and pseud...

The Outreach DAC is an intermediate-sized catheter designed for use with the Merci clot retriever in acute stroke. We investigated its utility as an adjunctive device during AVM pedicle embolization. In the authors' opinion, the DAC provided additional guide-catheter and microcatheter support, improved selective angiographic visualization of AVM angioarchitecture, aided microcatheter removal fr...

BACKGROUND Endovascular coil embolization is an approved treatment for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) but it brings high rate of thromboembolic complications with subsequent morbidity and mortality. Hereby, we report two cases of AVM coil embolization and management of their compilations. CASE REPORT The first case was a 57-year-old male with five implanted coils in the lower lobe...

BACKGROUND Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with vascular abnormalities, including aneurysms, have been reported frequently. However, the coexistence of AVM and unilateral moyamoya disease is rare. We report herein an AVM patient who presented with acute ischemic stroke with unilateral moyamoya disease and occlusion of the feeding artery. CASE REPORT A-41-year old man was admitted with sudd...

BACKGROUND Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) involves the vasculogenesis of cerebral blood vessels and can cause severe intracranial hemorrhage. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor, CXCR4, are believed to exert multiple physiological functions including angiogenesis. Thus, we investigated the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 in the vasculogenesis of cerebral AVM. METHODS Brain A...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess demographic, clinical, and morphological characteristics of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). METHODS Prospectively collected data of 1289 consecutive AVM patients from 3 independent databases (1 multicenter [Berlin/Paris/Middle and Far East, n=662] and 2 single centers [New York, n=337, and Toronto, n=290]) ...