The standard solution for the traction system in battery powered electric vehicles (EVs) is a two-level (2L) inverter feeding a three-phase motor. A simple and effective way to achieve a three-level (3L) inverter in battery-supplied electric vehicles consists of using two standard three-phase 2L inverters with the open-end winding connection of standard three-phase ac motors. The 3L inverter so...

Traditional cascade multilevel inverter can only transmit one-direction of energy. This paper proposes a new cascade multilevel inverter topology and control strategy based on part units to realize the energy feedback. By using PWM converter to replace uncontrollable converter in part units of the traditional inverter, and combining the inverter with H-bridge inverter, the two-direction running...

In this paper, a series Z-source inverter based on switched inductors cell is proposed for the first time. This inverter is able to increase the voltage gain in comparison to the conventional Z–source inverters in additon to solve the ST (shoot-through) state’s problems. In this inverter, the value of voltage gain is increased by increasing the number of used diodes and inductors in the switche...

We prove that the braid group B4 on 4 strings, as well as its central quotient B4/〈z〉, have the property RD of Haagerup–Jolissaint. It follows that the automorphism group Aut(F2) of the free group F2 on 2 generators has property RD. We also prove that the braid group B4 is a group of intermediate rank (of dimension 3). Namely, we show that both B4 and its central quotient have exponential mesos...

In thispaper comparative performance analysis of MOSFET based& IGBT based single phase inverter has been evaluted. The paper compares overall THD of output voltage of thesetwoproposedinverters. Heresinusiodal PWM scheme has been usedwhich compares a sinusoidalreference voltage with a carrier basedmodulating signal to generategating pulse for inverter circuit. Power quality of inverter output vo...

Background: b-thymosins play roles in cytoskeleton rearrangement, angiogenesis, fibrosis and reparative process, thus suggesting a possible involvement in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of thymosins b4, b4 sulfoxide, and b10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of scleroderma patients with interstitial lung disease and the relation of the...

We tested the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of the maytansinoid DM1 (N(2')-deacetyl-N(2')-(3-mercapto-1-oxopropyl)-maytansine), a potent antimicrotubule agent, covalently linked to the murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) B-B4 targeting syndecan-1 (CD138). We evaluated the in vitro activity of B-B4-DM1 against a panel of CD138(+) and CD138(-) cell lines, as well as CD138(+) patient multip...

The MAGE genes were initially isolated from different kinds of tumors, and based on their virtually exclusive tumor-specific expression in adult tissues, they have been used as targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, although a large number of MAGE genes have now been identified and extensively studied in tumors of various origin, their functions in normal cells remain unknown. Here we descr...

Neutrophils play a critical role in the clearance of bacteria from the lung and other organs by their capacity for phagocytosis and killing. Previously, we identified an important role for the leukotrienes in rat alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this report, we explored the possibility that the leukotrienes play an important role in phagocytosis by neutrophils as we...

Multilevel voltage source inverter has been recognized as an important alternative to the normal two level voltage source inverter, especially in high power application. Using multilevel technique, the output voltage amplitude is increased, switching devices stress is reduced and the overall harmonics profile is improved. Three presentable topologies can b considered for multilevel inverter (ML...