BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infection is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization among adults, and recent evidence suggests that many of these illnesses are associated with viruses. Although bacterial infection is known to complicate viral infections, the frequency and impact of mixed viral-bacterial infections has not been well studied. METHODS Adults hospitalized with respirator...

  Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in the human population, and more frequent infection during pregnancy. With notice to this point that most of urinary tract infections during pregnancy are asymptomatic, they could lead to serious complications such as prematurity, low-birth weight, hypertension, and higher fetal mortality rates...

Measurement of bacterial burden in animal infection models is a key component for both bacterial pathogenesis studies and therapeutic agent research. The traditional quantification means for in vivo bacterial burden requires frequent animal sacrifice and enumerating colony forming units (CFU) recovered from infection loci. To address these issues, researchers have developed a variety of lucifer...

To determine if changes in neutrophil leukocyte function occur during active bacterial infection, the neutrophils of 25 patients with active bacterial infection and 25 age-matched controls were compared for leukotactic activity, random mobility, and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. The neutrophil leukocytes of patients with bacterial infection were hyperactive in unidirectional movement toward ...

Macrophages detect bacterial infection through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) localized at the cell surface, in intracellular vesicles or in the cytosol. Discrimination of viable and virulent bacteria from non-virulent bacteria (dead or viable) is necessary to appropriately scale the anti-bacterial immune response. Such scaling of anti-bacterial immunity is necessary to control the infect...

BACKGROUND Concomitant bacterial and viral infection is a well-known phenomenon, however only very rarely has a bacterial infection been reported during hepatitis A virus infection. OBJECTIVE To evaluate retrospectively the clinical records of children hospitalized with HAV infection for a concomitant infection proved or presumed to be bacterial. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted o...

: Urinary tract infection is the second most common bacterial and themost disease that affects urinary system.