OBJECTIVES Intrathecal drug administration using an implanted pump system is well established in intractable spasticity and pain. However, despite continuous advancements in manufacturing technology, adverse events related to the pump and catheter still occur. Most of them, such as migration, damage, disconnection and occlusion, are related to the spinal catheter. The aim of this overview is to...

OBJECTIVE We tested the effect of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) in condom lubrication on the risk of acquiring STD and genital discomfort. METHODS The study was a triple masked, randomised controlled trial comparing N-9 lubricated condoms with plain silicone lubricated condoms among Dominican female sex workers. RESULTS Randomisation provided two groups (313 for N-9 and 322 for plain) similar in baseli...

Over the last several years contributions to PEQ have increased considerably. As a backlog of articles was building, it felt appropriate make some changes content journ...

abstract fluoride (f-) is an essential element for human and some animals. the fluoride concentration in irrigation water is an important index for water quality. the objective of the present study was to determine spatial variability of fluoride in groundwater and soils of some areas in arak plain. therefore, during two seasons, autumn (2007) and the end of spring (2008), 87 and 92 water sampl...