Environmental policy affects the distribution of market shares if intermediate goods are differentiated in their pollution intensity. When innovations are environment-friendly, a tax on emissions skews demand towards new goods which are the most productive. In this case, the tax has to increase along a balanced growth path to keep the market shares of goods of different vintages constant. Compa...

A novel routing and link dimensioning optimisation method which minimises the total wavelength requirements of dynamic optical WDM rings the most popular topology in metropolitan networksis proposed. The method finds the solution (set of routes) of minimum cost by solving an integer linear optimisation problem. Contrary to the common belief, results show that the optimal routes found by the pro...

In a previous paper (Kaplan and Norton 2001b), we described the role for strategy maps and Balanced Scorecards to develop performance objectives and measures linked to strategy. With this paper, we show how organizations use their scorecards to align key management processes and systems to the strategy. We also discuss the relationship of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to other financial and cost...

We introduce the quadratic balanced optimization problem (QBOP) which can be used to model equitable distribution of resources with pairwise interaction. QBOP is strongly NP-hard even if the family of feasible solutions has a very simple structure. Several general purpose exact and heuristic algorithms are presented. Results of extensive computational experiments are reported using randomly gen...

In this article we discuss dual/multi-rail routing techniques in an island style FPGA for robustness against side-channel attacks. We present a technique to achieve dual-rail routing balanced in both timing and power consumption with the traditional subset switchbox. Secondly, we propose two switchboxes (namely: Twist-on-Turn & Twist-Always) to route every dual/multi-rail signal in twisted pair...

Ideally psychologists strive to act ethically within their professional roles. However, they are unlikely to achieve the highest standards of ethical behavior if they become overly legalistic or if they engage in behaviors that can be virtuous in a personal context but harmful in a professional relationship. Such problems may arise when some justify their less-than-optimal behavior based upon a...

We introduce a notion of cross-flips: local moves that transform a balanced (i.e., properly (d + 1)-colored) triangulation of a combinatorial d-manifold into another balanced triangulation. These moves form a natural analog of bistellar flips (also known as Pachner moves). Specifically, we establish the following theorem: any two balanced triangulations of a closed combinatorial d-manifold can ...

An oriented hypergraph is an oriented incidence structure that extends the concept of a signed graph. We introduce hypergraphic structures and techniques central to the extension of the circuit classification of signed graphs to oriented hypergraphs. Oriented hypergraphs are further decomposed into three families – balanced, balanceable, and unbalanceable – and we obtain a complete classificati...

Index generation functions model content-addressable memory, and are useful in virus detectors and routers. Linear decompositions yield simpler circuits that realize index generation functions. This paper proposes a balanced decision tree based heuristic to efficiently design linear decompositions for index generation functions. The proposed heuristic finds a good linear decomposition of an ind...

Minimizing the project cost is a task of project scheduling, and usually is a starting point in the optimization about cost, for example the time-cost tradeoff is to compress the project duration from the one with minimum cost. Project cost can be minimized by letting all activities choose their minimum cost durations only when strict precedence relations exist between activities. But if genera...