Although Merleau-Ponty’s privileging of Cézanne in the context his philosophy painting does not explicitly address painter’s relation to literature, this is important and somewhat problematic. was an avid reader both classical Latin contemporary French but he sought, maturity, dissociate from inspiration literature. The danger a mode figurative informed by literature explored Balzac’s novella U...

Edith Wharton played a far more important role than is usually recognized in the transformation of French perceptions both American history and literature first two decades twentieth century. In this article, I trace different stages that transformation. At first, France, was hardly thought as an writer at all: she merely disciple Balzac Bourget who happened to be American. But by early 1920s b...