in order to study effects of nitrogen fertilization and cultivars on some of traits of different barley an experiment was conducted at isfahan in 2012. the experimental was split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. in this experiment, different levels of nitrogen in the main plots included four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 n kg/ha (urea)) and barley cultivars inclu...

The change in the developmental pathway of microspores from gametophytic to sporophytic is induced by stress during pretreatment of spikes and anthers. In our experiments, anther culture of three barley cultivars was tested with regard to the effect of chilling at 4 degrees C for 28 days, starvation in 0.3 M mannitol solution for 4 days, and a combination of both methods. Chilling was shown to ...

the review focuses on recent progress in the breeding of small grain cereals (barley, wheat, oats) for resistance to the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDv). first, the symptomatology of barley yellow dwarf (BYD) disease is briefly described and the genome of BYDv, its serotypes and mechanisms of its replication and translation in host plants are characterized. great attention is paid to the descr...

The levels of diversity and extent of linkage disequilibrium in cultivated species are largely determined by diversity in their wild progenitors. We report a comparison of nucleotide sequence diversity in wild and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum and ssp. vulgare) at 7 nuclear loci totaling 9296bp, using sequence from Hordeum bulbosum to infer the ancestral state of mutations....

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the most stress-tolerant crops; however, not much is known about the genetic and environmental control of metabolic adaptation of barley to abiotic stresses. We have subjected a genetically diverse set of 81 barley accessions, consisting of Mediterranean landrace genotypes and German elite breeding lines, to drought and combined heat and drought stress at an...

We successfully implemented virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in barley (Hordeum vulgare) for the functional characterization of genes required for Mla13-mediated resistance toward the biotrophic barley pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Initially, barley cultivars were screened for their ability to host the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-VIGS vector by allowing its replication and ...

Barley is a model species for the investigation of the evolution, adaptation and spread of the world's important crops. In this article, we describe the first application of an oligonucleotide pool assay single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) platform to assess the evolution of barley in a portion of the Fertile Crescent, a key region in the development of farming. A large collection of >1000 gen...

The present study aims at detecting molecular markers, based on RAPD, ISSR and AFLP, for the salttolerant wild barley Hordeum spontaneum as a little is known about its genetic structure and function. Barley is one of the most important cereal crops all over the world. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers for the salttolerant wild species is crucial for the future development of to...