Representative amino acid sequences of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of all groups of positive-strand RNA viruses were aligned hierarchiacally, starting with the most closely related ones. This resulted in delineation of three large supergroups. Within each of the supergroups, the sequences of segments of approximately 300 amino acid residues originating from the central and/or C-terminal p...

Prevention of virus infections is a major objective in agriculture and human health. One attractive approach to the prevention is inhibition of virus replication. To demonstrate this concept in vivo, an artificial zinc finger protein (AZP) targeting the replication origin of the Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV), a model DNA virus, was created. In vitro DNA binding assays indicated that the A...

Allergy to beet is very rare. Until now, only a few reports about asthma induced by inhaling the vapor of cooked beet have been published. We describe two patients with allergic rhinitis and positive skin prick tests to Parietaria and beet only. To investigate possible cross-reactivity between Parietaria pollen and beet, we performed laboratory assays that showed beet-specific IgE in the sera o...

Beetroot juice, which is rich in nitrate (NO3 (-)), has been shown in some studies to decrease oxygen consumption (V̇o2) for a given exercise workload, i.e., increasing efficiency and exercise tolerance. Few studies have examined the effect of beetroot juice or nitrate supplementation on exercise metabolism. Eight healthy recreationally active males participated in three trials involving ingesti...

beet necrotic yellow vein benivirus (bnyvv) as one of the most important virues of sugar beet is the causal agent of rhizomania. bnyvv, as a type member of genus benyvirus has four types a, b, p and j, that are restricted to specific geographic areas. types a and b are similar in pathogenicity, but p and j types that have rna5 are more aggressive. these types cannot be distinguished serological...

in order to study the effects of planting date and sugar beet cultivars on infection to curly top virus, vector population, damping off, root rot, and sugar yield, an experiment was conducted in mobarakeh region during 1999-2000 in a split plot design. the main factor was three planting dates and sub factor was six sugar beet cultivars: ic1 as a susceptible cultivar to beet curly top, t41r, 723...

Nicotiana benthamiana is the most widely-used experimental host in plant virology. The recent release of the draft genome sequence for N. benthamiana consolidates its role as a model for plant-pathogen interactions. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is commonly employed for quantitative gene expression analysis. For valid qPCR analysis, accurate normalisation of gene expression against an appro...

A soilborne disease of lettuce, associated with necrosis and dieback, has been found with increasing frequency in California and Arizona over the last 10 years. An isometric virus, serologically related to Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), was consistently isolated from lettuce plants with these disease symptoms. Back-inoculation to healthy lettuce plants and subsequent reisolation of the virus ...