We study and compare the learning dynamics of two universal learning agents, one based on Bayesian learning and the other on prediction with expert advice. Both approaches have strong asymptotic performance guarantees. When confronted with the task of finding good long-term strategies in repeated 2×2 matrix games, they behave quite differently.

In this discussion of Kohlenberg's article it is asserted that the psychotherapist always treats a person not a passive organism and that the therapist's moral values inevitably influence his interactions with the patient, regardless of whether the therapist's stance is made explicit. Ultimately, all therapies are seen as attempts at persuading a thinking and feeling person to behave differently.

Racket properties may affect tennis elbow development. Shock and vibration to the arm is influenced by the location of ball impacts on the racket head, racket stiffness, and grip force. Beginners experience increased arm loads, and they hit the ball lower on the racket head. Tennis rackets behave differently during actual play compared with the performance predicted by physics.

In this note we show that reversed variational inequalities cannot be studied in a general abstract framework as it happens for classical variational inequalities with Stampacchia's Lemma. Indeed, we provide two different situations for reversed variational inequalities which are of the same type from an abstract point of view, but which behave quite differently.

Hypoparathyroidism and fluorosis are two distinct sclerotic bone diseases. Both have high BMD but they behave differently. Fluorosis causes secondary hyperparathyroidism and has been reported to cause renal dysfunction. Here we discuss a case that coincidentally had both the disorders and their interaction.

Stable IspF substrate analogs were synthesized. In the presence of substrate analogs, the E. coli IspF-MEP complex shows activities distinct from IspF, and bisphosphonates (BP) behave differently than their diphosphate (DP) counterparts. Bisphosphonate analogs activate and/or stabilize IspF, and only the closest structural substrate analog weakly inhibits the IspF-MEP complex.

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant bone tumor with a peak incidence in the second and third decades of life. Diagnosis of patients with osteosarcoma is limited to clinico-pathological parameters whereas molecular markers of tumor initiation and promotion have not yet been identified. We aimed to study the expression of the anti-apoptotic survivin gene in osteosarcoma specimens. A total...

Stakeholder involvement in design is desirable from both a practical and an ethical point of view. It is difficult to do well, however, and some problems recur again and again, both of a practical nature, e.g. stakeholders acting strategically rather than openly, and of an ethical nature, e.g. power imbalances unduly affecting the outcome of the process. Hidden Design has been proposed as a met...

Highly mismatched alloys (HMAs) have band structures strongly modified due to the introduction of alloying element. We consider HMAs where isolated state element is near host conduction band, which causes split into two bands. determine bulk plasma frequency when lower-energy partially occupied, as by doping, using a semi-analytical method based on disorder-averaged Green's function. include no...

Trajectory prediction in urban scenarios is critical for high-level automated driving systems. However, this task associated with many challenges. On the one hand, a scene typically includes different traffic participants, such as vehicles, buses, pedestrians, and cyclists, which may behave differently. other an agent have multiple plausible future trajectories based on complex interactions age...