Two experiments tested how faithfully German children aged 4 ;5 to 5 ;6 reproduce ditransitive sentences that are unmarked or marked with respect to word order and focus (Exp1) or definiteness (Exp2). Adopting an optimality theory (OT) approach, it is assumed that in the German adult grammar word order is ranked lower than focus and definiteness. Faithfulness of children's reproductions decreas...

Using a multi-perspective vignette design, we explored predictors of young peoples' (N = 119) propensity to engage in unfaithful activities while dating. Demographic measures, a dating investment model, and measures of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity were used to predict inclination to engage in each of two extradyadic activities (kissing and sexual activity). The results of moderated ...

The problem of model selection or determination of the number of hidden units is elucidated by the statistical approach, by generalizing Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to be applicable to unfaithful (i.e., unrealizable) models with general loss criteria including regularization terms. The relation between the training error and the generalization error is studied in terms of the number of...

According to an evolutionary psychology perspective, men’s and women’s processing of threats to their sex-linked mate selection strategies cause sex differences in infidelity distress. An alternative account assumes that the distress results from men’s and women’s processing of expectation violations regarding the content of an unfaithful partner’s actions with a rival. Logistic regressions sup...

A new modeless floating-point arithmetic called the precision arithmetic is developed to track, limit, and reject the accumulation of calculation errors during floating point calculations, by reinterpreting the polymorphic representation of the conventional floating point arithmetic. The validity of this strategy is demonstrated by tracking the calculation errors and by rejecting the meaningles...

Among recent objections to Pascal’s Wager, two are especially compelling. The first is that decision theory, and specifically the requirement of maximizing expected utility, is incompatible with infinite utility values. The second is that even if infinite utility values are admitted, the argument of the Wager is invalid provided that we allow mixed strategies. Furthermore, Hájek (Philosophical ...

The oncogenic BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase induces constitutive DNA damage in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukemia cells. We find that BCR/ABL-induced reactive oxygen species (ROSs) cause chronic oxidative DNA damage resulting in double-strand breaks (DSBs) in S and G(2)/M cell cycle phases. These lesions are repaired by BCR/ABL-stimulated homologous recombination repair (HRR) and nonhomol...

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate current knowledge, risk behavior, and attitudes among pregnant women in Mateete, Uganda. Methods. We collected 100 questionnaires and performed 20 interviews among women who attended antenatal care. Findings. All the women had heard about HIV/AIDS, and 92% were aware of mother-to-child transmission. The women overestimated the risk of achieving t...

This report presents a formal methodology of formalizing and verifying theTransaction Layer Protocol (WTP) design in the Wireless Application Proto-col (WAP) architecture. Corresponding to the Class 2 Transaction Service (TR-Service) definition and the Protocol (TR-Protocol) design, two models at differentabstraction levels are built with a finite state automaton (FSA) forma...