Reconstructing the history of plastid acquisition and loss in the alveolate protists is a difficult problem because our knowledge of the distribution of plastids in extant lineages is incomplete due to the possible presence of cryptic, nonphotosynthetic plastids in several lineages. The discovery of the apicoplast in apicomplexan parasites has drawn attention to this problem and, more specifica...

A new member of the genus Deltapartitivirus was identified containing three dsRNAs with an estimated size of 1.71, 1.49 and 1.43 kb. The dsRNAs were extracted from symptomless pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] plants cv. Erra Kandulu. This new virus with 4.64 kb genome was tentatively named Arhar cryptic virus-1 (ArCV-1). The genomic RNAs were amplified and characterized by sequence ind...

Introduction Over the past two decades Cairns landscape has transformed from a remote tourist town beside Great Barrier Reef to an international, tropical city with new focus on culture and arts. A number of important urban design projects have enabled this transformation, including key waterfront redevelopments, addition large shopping mall convention centre, renovated museum, now performing a...

Immigrants are not new to us in Britain. The archaeologist gives evidence of wave after wave of them in the pre-Christian eras. They usually solved their problems of different language, looks and religions by conquering limited areas of land and imposing their culture on the existing people. This rough-and-ready solution was confirmed by the Roman, Scandinavian, Saxon and Norman invasions. Thro...

The problem of extracting a signal x from a noise-corrupted time n series y x e is considered. The signal x is assumed to be genern n n n ated by a discrete-time, deterministic, chaotic dynamical system F, in nŽ . particular, x F x , where the initial point x is assumed to lie in a n 0 0 Ž . compact hyperbolic F-invariant set. It is shown that 1 if the noise sequence e is Gaussian then it is im...