The demand for rare earth elements (REE) is increasing rapidly owing to the emergence of new clean-energy and defense-related technologies. China's dominates world production REE. In this paper, we review ore characteristics four typical REE deposits in China discuss conventional beneficiation techniques, including gravity magnetic separation, flotation, hydrometallurgical processing these ores...

Abstract The valorization of phosphate mine waste (PMW) in different fields has recently become attractive to many researchers. This review paper examines the potential use PMW as a raw material applications toward sustainable management strategies. Dewatering, recovery and heavy metals, building materials ceramics have been captured this paper. Based on origin deposit treatment during ore bene...

High energy consumption in size reduction operations is one of the most significant issues concerning sustainability raw material beneficiation. Thus, process optimization should be done to reduce consumption. This study aimed investigate applicability artificial neural networks (ANNs) predict particle distributions (PSDs) mill products. PSD key sources information after milling since it signif...

The dynamic mechanical properties of recycled concrete (RC) and natural (NC) were studied by impact tests numerical simulation. quasi-static conducted a servo-hydraulic machine, while the test used 50 mm diameter split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). ANSYS/LS-DYNA software simulation was selected to validate experimental results. coarse aggregates (RCAs) came from housing demolition with microwa...

Rare earth elements (REE) are either housed in exotic REE minerals that sporadically populate the host rock or they occur as ionic substitutions in the crystal structure of existing rock-forming minerals. The genesis of REEs in carbonatite rocks can result in intricate mineralogical textures between REE minerals, host rock minerals, and minerals formed by later processes. Upfront mineralogical ...

Iron ore and coal together account for about 72% of cost of input materials in Indian steel plants. Moreover, sourcing iron ore and coal for steel plants is posing multitude of challenges including availability, quality and logistics. At present it is found that high quality input materials are hard to reach and easy to reach ones are of lower quality. Hence efficient utilisation of lower quali...

Comminution tests are an important element in the proper design of ore beneficiation plants. In the past, test work has been conducted for particular representative reference samples. Within geometallurgy the entire ore body is explored in order to further identify the variation within the resource and to establish spatial geometallurgical domains that show the differential response to mineral ...