The present study concerns the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of benzocaine (BENZO) and lidocaine (LIDO) topical delivery from nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Morphology and dimensional distribution of NLCs have been, respectively, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and photon correlation spectroscopy. The release pattern of BENZO and LIDO from NLCs was evaluated in...

The presence of multicomponent nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) on contaminated sites critically alters the biodegradation susceptibility of many target pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This study investigated the effects of petroleum-derived multicomponent NAPLs on biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene by a bacterial consortium in liquid culture. When high-boiling point diese...

The white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was able to degrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[ghi]perylene in nonsterile soil both in the presence and in the absence of cadmium and mercury. During 15 weeks of incubation, recovery of individual compounds was 16 t...

Rising cases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a public health concern. Many approved antibiotics target penicillin-binding proteins example peptidoglycan transpeptidase (PTPase). Due to wide pharmacological activity of phenothiazines, new styryl, aryl, alkynyl, and thiophenyl benzo[a]phenothiazines were synthesized and their inhibitory potency against PTPasein silico and Gram-po...

Asymmetric heteroatom oxidation of benzo[b]thiophenes to yield the corresponding sulfoxides was catalysed by toluene dioxygenase (TDO), naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) and styrene monooxygenase (SMO) enzymes present in P. putida mutant and E. coli recombinant whole cells. TDO-catalysed oxidation yielded the relatively unstable benzo[b]thiophene sulfoxide; its dimerization, followed by dehydrogena...

The lung cancer incidence in the Xuanwei and neighboring region, Yunnan, China, is among the highest in China and is attributed to severe air pollution with high benzo(a)pyrene levels. We systematically and comparatively analyzed DNA methylation alterations at genome and gene levels in Xuanwei lung cancer tissues and cell lines, as well as benzo(a)pyrene-treated cells and mouse samples. We obta...

The mixed-function oxidases containing cytochrome P450 are the primary systems that metabolize xenobiotics including drugs and carcinogens and endogenous substrates such as steroids [l-3]. The mixed-function oxidases may be key determinants of the rates of drug metabolism [2] and carcinogen susceptibility [3-S]. A major class of carcinogens to which humans are exposed is the polycyclic aromatic...

The three quinone metabolites of carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene, the isomeric benzo(a)pyrenediones (6, 12; 1,6; 3,6), are toxic to cultured hamster cells at low concentrations. The reduction in cell number, observed after treatment with these metabolites, is the result of both direct cell killing and the inhibition of growth, since DNA synthesis is inhibited very early after treatment with benzo(a...

The interaction of lin-benzoadenosine di- and triphosphates with the catalytic subunit and type II holoenzymes of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) dependent protein kinase has been investigated by steady-state kinetics and fluorescence spectroscopy. lin-Benzo-ADP is a competitive inhibitor of the catalytic subunit with respect to ATP with a Ki (8.0 microM) similar to the Ki for ADP (...

Covalent binding of aromatic hydrocarbons to DNA is catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase with HzOz. Under optimal reaction conditions (30 PM hydrocarbon, 5 x lo-“ M HzOz, and 0.2 mg/ml of horseradish peroxidase at pH 7.0), binding was linear for 30 min. Binding of benzo[a]pyrene, 6-methylbenzo[a]pyrene, and 3-methylcholanthrene ranged from 40 to 100 pmol/mol of DNA. Fluorescence spectra of 6-met...