Selection bias is a concern in cohort studies in which selection into the cohort is related to the studied outcome. An example is chronic infection with hepatitis C virus, where the initial infection may be asymptomatic for decades. This problem leads to selection of more severely ill individuals into registers of such infections. Cohort studies often adjust for this bias by introducing a time ...

High-bandwidth, low-power and compact silicon electro-optical modulators are essential for future energy-efficient densely integrated optical data communication circuits. The all-silicon plasma-dispersion-effect ring resonator modulator is an attractive prospect. However, its performance currently limited by the trade-off between modulation depth switching speed, dictated quality factor. Here w...

Improving the performance of interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) in harsh environments, such as magnetic field and temperature field variation, is necessary for its practical applications. This paper presents an investigation of Faraday effect-induced bias error of IFOG under varying temperature. Jones matrix method is utilized to formulize the temperature dependence of Faraday effect-...

Sex ratio imbalances found in Asia are primarily due to the increasing proportions of sons among children in China and India. This gradual demographic masculinization over the last two decades results from the rapid progression in the number of sex-selective abortions aimed at ensuring the birth of male children. While other factors such as female infanticide or excess child mortality have play...

BACKGROUND People who exhibit value-induced bias- distorting relevant probabilities to justify medical decisions- may make suboptimal decisions. OBJECTIVE The authors examined whether and in what conditions people exhibit value-induced bias. DESIGN Volunteers on the Web imagined having a serious illness with 2 possible diagnoses and a treatment with the same "small probability'' of success ...

The question of how emotions influence recognition memory is of interest not only within basic cognitive neuroscience but from clinical and forensic perspectives as well. Emotional stimuli can induce a "recognition bias" such that individuals are more likely to respond "old" to a negative item than to an emotionally neutral item, whether the item is actually old or new. We investigated this bia...

REZA SADR, CHRISTEL HOHENEGGER, HAIFENG LI, PETER J. MUCHA AND MINAMI YODA G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Savannah, Savannah, GA 31407, USA Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3250, USA G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA Institut...

Topology of Weyl semimetals affects sound attenuation in these materials. Most notably, the existence Berry monopoles associated with linear band crossings leads to acoustic magnetochiral dichroism: is different for opposite directions propagation. The effect within reach current experimental techniques, and, importantly, quantum mechanical origin. This should help its detection available compo...