Background: Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) including the subtype H9N2 cause considerable financial losses to poultry industries. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of avian influenza (AI) infection is important in control and eradication programs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the nucleocapsid protein )NP (of AIV H9N2 subtype to improve dia...

BACKGROUND The demonstration of proteinase 3 specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCA), and the estimation of antibody values are useful in the diagnosis and management of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). However, external quality assessment programmes suggest that PR3-ANCA binding varies in different assays. AIM To demonstrate variations in PR3-ANCA binding in dif...

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a complex protein with multiple functions and plays a key role in organ system homeostasis. Changes in albumin levels are associated with worsened outcome in critical illness. However, serum albumin functional activities cannot be easily determined to assess its capacities in illness. Two real-time and sensitive fluorescent liposome assays were developed to determin...

Therapeutic antibodies have many biopharmaceutical applications; however, characterization of their higher-order structures is a major concern in quality control. We developed AF.2A1, an artificial protein, that specifically recognizes non-native, structured IgGs. performed binding assays using various types IgGs and fragments to investigate the mechanisms by which AF.2A1 interacts with non-nat...