Although all U.S. Armed Forces personnel have been ordered to receive the anthrax vaccine, questions remain concerning its efficacy and safety and its intended use to counter a biological weapons threat. Since published data on the anthrax vaccine are scarce, it is difficult if not impossible to evaluate claims on its effectiveness and safety. In addition, questions concerning its safety have b...

Following the events of September 11, 2001, the threat of bioterrorism events has become a realistic concern for health care workers in the United States. Bioterrorism events caused by infectious agents will be challenging because nurses will need to recognize unfamiliar infections and work long hours with limited resources in stressful conditions. During a bioterrorism event caused by biologic...

Civilian populations are at risk from exposure to toxic materials as a result of accidental or deliberate exposure. In addition to industrial hazards, toxic agents designed for use in warfare now are a potential hazard in everyday life through terrorist action. Civil emergency medical responders should be able to adapt their plans for dealing with casualties from hazardous materials (HazMat) to...

Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents represent a class of highly toxic chemical warfare banned by the Chemical Weapons Convention. Nevertheless, in past few years they have been used repeatedly for warfare, assassination and attempted murder. In addition, chemically related OP pesticides were frequently suicide may be deployed terroristic attacks. Therefore, sensitive selective bioanalytical meth...

This paper investigates the autonomous decision-making process of the selection of alternative countermeasures against threats in electronic warfare settings. We introduce a threat model, which represents a specific threat pattern, and a methodology that decides the best countermeasure against real-time threats using the decision theory. To determine the optimal countermeasure, we model the pro...

Camel immunoglobulins are a tenth the size of human ones and are highly potent [7]. These properties have been put to use by the Homeland Security Department of the United States government to create biosensors for determining which agent is being used in a biological warfare attack [8]. For hundreds of years camel milk has been used to treat diarrhea even though the identity of the active subs...

This report presents a pilot study of the suitability of NetLogo, an agent-based software tool, in modelling guerilla warfare. In this study, a local civilian populace reports observed insurgent activity to peacekeepers with varying levels of enthusiasm depending on the reputation of the peacekeepers with those local populaces. A simulation model is developed in NetLogo to assess the suitabilit...

1 Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea 2Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara 06100, Turkey 4Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of ...

A rapid and simple method for the real time monitoring of Brucella abortus CSP-31 (B. abortus CSP-31) by using Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) is first time reported. SPR and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the B. abortus CSP-31 interaction on carboxymethyldextran modified gold disc with antibody. The EIS data revealed a decrease in impedance after interac...