Differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) toward kidney organoids is known to suffer from batch-to-batch differences, off-target populations, and skewered cellular compositions. Application synthetic hydrogels as a tool for hiPSC-differentiation may provide additional control over this variable process. This review discusses important material properties that affect organ...

Three decades of research in the last century developed silicon nitride (Si3N4) as one strongest and toughest ceramic material for structural applications; but this century, we newly discovered its gifted surface biochemistry. In an aqueous environment, Si3N4 undergoes hydrolysis with slow continuous elution both nitrogen. A unique environment is created, which greatly enhances healing soft oss...

Ceramics are very important in the science of dental biomaterials. Among all dental ceramics, zirconia is in evidence as a dental biomaterial and it is the material of choice in contemporary restorative dentistry. Zirconia has been applied as structural material for dental bridges, crowns, inserts, and implants, mostly because of its biocompatibility, high fracture toughness, and radiopacity. H...

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